بررسی کاربرد آهنگ لغزش گسل‏ها در پهنه‏بندی مستقل از زمان خطر زمین‏لرزه در منطقه کرمان-غرب بلوک لوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی‌

نویسندگان

1 گروه زلزله‌شناسی، موسسه ژئوفیزیک، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی عمران، پردیس دانشکده‌های فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در این مطالعه، برای اولین بار با استفادۀ مستقیم و غیرمستقیم از آهنگ لغزش (slip rate) پهنه‎بندی مستقل از زمان خطر زمین‏لرزه برای نواحی‎ای از جنوب شرق ایران انجام گرفته و شتاب طیفی برای دو شهر کرمان و راور در استان کرمان برآورد شده است.آهنگ لغزش گسل‏ها به طور غیرمستقیم در محاسبۀ متوسط آهنگ رویداد سالانۀ چشمه‏ها (λ)، با استفاده از تابع توزیع مکانی‏ دخالت داده شده ‏است. همچنین، متوسط آهنگ رویداد سالانۀ چشمه‏ها مستقیماً از آهنگ لغزش نسبت داده‌شده به هر چشمه محاسبه شده است. به منظور بررسی تأثیر مشارکت آهنگ لغزش گسل‎های منطقه بر روی نتایج برآورد احتمالاتی خطر زمین‏لرزه، نتایج حاصل از پهنه‏بندی مستقل از زمان خطر زمین‎لرزه در کل گسترۀ مورد مطالعه برای سه حالت: 1- عدم استفاده از آهنگ لغزش، 2- استفادۀ غیرمستقیم از آهنگ لغزش و 3- استفادۀ مستقیم از آهنگ لغزش، برای سطح خطر 10 درصد احتمال فزونی در 50 سال (دورۀ بازگشت 475 سال) مقایسه گردیده است. مقایسۀ حالت‌های 1 و 2 نشان‌دهندۀ تغییرات بین g02/0-0 و مقایسۀ حالت‌های 1 و 3 نشان‌دهندۀ تغییرات g11/0-0 در نقاط مختلف گسترۀ مورد مطالعه است. در صورت استفادۀ مستقیم از آهنگ لغزش (حالت 3)، برای بیش از 98 درصد از مساحت گسترۀ مورد مطالعه، تغییرات بیشینه شتاب جنبش زمین (PGA) در مقایسه با حالت عدم استفاده از آهنگ لغزش (حالت 1) کمتر از 26درصد و برای بیش از نیمی از گستره، کمتر از 10درصد است. مقادیر بیشینه شتاب طیفی در شهر کرمان برای سه حالت ذکرشده به ترتیب g61/0، g61/0 و g57/0 و در شهر راور به ترتیب g71/0، g67/0 و g6/0 در پریود 15/0 ثانیه به دست آمده است. همچنین، مقدار PGAبرای این سه حالت در شهر کرمان به ترتیب g25/0، g25/0 و g23/0 و در شهر راور به ترتیب g29/0، g27/0 و g24/0 برآورد شده است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می‏دهد با توجه به کمبود داده‏های زمین‏لرزهای در بسیاری از نقاط ایران، می‏توان از آهنگ لغزش به‌صورت مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم به‌عنوان دادۀ منحصربه‌فرد هر چشمه در پهنه‌بندی مستقل از زمان خطر زمین‌لرزه استفاده کرد. در این مطالعه، محاسبات برای خاک نوع یک (سنگ بستر)، مطابق با آیین‏نامۀ 2800 ایران انجام گرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the use of slip rate on time-independent seismic hazard macrozonation of Kerman region, west of Lut Block

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Hadi Dehghan-Manshadi 1
  • Noorbakhsh Mirzaei 1
  • Morteza Eskandari-Ghadi 2
  • Elham Shabani 1
1 Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Presently, seismic hazard assessment (SHA) is highly conducive to seismic-resistant building designs and seismic regulations. Seismic hazard maps and other seismic hazard products such as spectral acceleration (SA) are prerequisites for the preparation of building codes and earthquake risk mitigation plans, which are used in making public decisions and policy. Therefore, it is indispensable to use the best available data and methods in SHA. In cases of incomplete historical records like Iran, and in intracontinental areas like Central-East Iran, where fracture boundaries interact slowly, large earthquakes may recur every 1000–5000 years or even with a longer period. In such areas, it is useful to employ geological inputs like slip rates. In the present paper, the slip rate of the faults is used for the first time, in both direct and indirect approaches in time-independent probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), so as to evaluate spectral acceleration (SA). To this end, Kerman region (Southeastern Iran)  is selected as an example, and Kerman and Ravar cities located between 54-59° N, and 28.5- 34° E are considered as  specific regions to show the effects of slip rate on the seismic hazard. With the purpose of using slip rates in PSHA, indirectly, we have defined a new factor denoted as the fifth factor (K5) to  specify the effects of slip rates in calculating spatial distribution function (SDF). On the other hand, the mean annual occurrence rate of each source may be directly calculated based on the slip rate of the faults for a direct use of slip rates in PSHA. In the first time-consuming stage, the slip rates of the faults or fault segments and the seismological data are assembled using available resources and literature. Seismicity parameters in the targeted region are calculated using a unified, homogenized and complete catalog in the method proposed by Kijko and Sellevoll (1992), in which one can consider the magnitude uncertainty and completeness of data in calculations. Through the use of geological maps with scales of 1:100000 and 1:250000, and with the experience of previous studies, we have determined 26 potential seismic sources  in the region. The comparison of the SDFs calculated based on  four factors (K1-K4) and SDFs calculated based on slip rate factor (the fifth, K5) accompanied with the previous four factors indicates  that the most differences occurred for sources No. 111 and 121 for the magnitude of 7<Mw≤7.5. On the other hand, the maximum total differences  in all magnitude intervals occurred in sources No. 111, 249 and 248. The macrozonation time-independent PSHA maps of the region of interest for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years (return period of 475 years) have been produced under three main states, which are State 1: without considering the effects of slip rate, State 2: with indirectly considering the effects of slip rate, and State 3: with directly considering the contribution of slip rate. After comparing States 2 and 3 with the State 1, the differences between 0-0.02g and 0-0.11g became clear. With directly considering the effects of slip rate in calculations, more than 98% of the interest region  have differences less than 26%, and more than half of the interest region have differences less than 10% and the most difference between States 1 and 2  is approximately 10%. The numerical evaluation of spectral accelerations for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years based on these three different states in Kerman results in the peak ground accelerations (PGA)  of 0.25g, 0.25g and 0.23g, for the States 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In the same way, the values of PGA for Ravar have been determined as 0.29g, 0.27g and 0.24g for different three states. The maximum SA for these two cities  have been achieved at 0.15 seconds, and its values are respectively 0.61g, 0.61g and 0.57g for States 1, 2 and 3 in Kerman and 0.71g, 0.68g and 0.60g in Ravar. As far as SA, no significant difference has been observed between States 1 and 2 (Kerman); a slight difference, on the other hand, has been observed between States 1 and 3. These differences  are more prominent as far as Ravar region is concerned. Findings indicate that there exists a satisfactory proximity between the  three states. Due to the lack of sufficient seismological data in most parts of Iran and considering the relative merits of the direct slip rate approach, we used  this method as an exclusive alternative data from each source; where the results are acceptable and thus slip rate method is recommended for further research. In this study, all calculations  have been carried out on bed rock.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Kerman
  • spatial distribution function (SDF)
  • time-independent seismic hazard assessment
  • Slip Rate
  • spectral acceleration (SA)
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