پایش ماهواره‌ای توزیع زمانی- مکانی آب بارش‌شُو در جوّ ایران با استفاده از داده‌های Aqua/AIRS

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی‌

نویسنده

استادیار اقلیم شناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

آب بارش‌شُو یکی از فراسنج‌های مهم در مطالعات هواشناسی و فیزیک ابر است که نقش مهمی در پیش­بینی هوا و بارش دارد. در این مطالعه از داده­های آب بارش‌شُو سنجنده AIRS مستقر بر ماهواره Aqua، با گام­های زمانی ماهانه و مکانی °°1 برای دوره آماری سال­های 2019–2003 استفاده شد. پس از کنترل کیفی و پیش­پردازش داده­های استخراج­شده، از نرم‌افزار­های تخصصی مانند ArcGIS،ENVI  و Grads برای ساخت لایه­‌های شبکه‌ای، برداری و جداول اطلاعاتی بر اساس مرز جغرافیایی کشور ایران استفاده شد. داده­ها رقومی بودند و مقدار عددی آنها برابر میزان آب بارش‌شُو برحسب میلی‌متر (mm) به ازای هر پیکسل یا یاخته بود که برای مشاهدات سالانه، فصلی و سالانه برآورد شد. بر اساس نتایج، میانگین آب بارش‌شُو در جوّ ایران mm 13 ‌است که در مقایسه با میانگین آب بارش‌شُو جوّ جهانی (mm 22)، کم بودن مقدار آب بارش‌شُو را در جوّ ایران نشان می­دهد. از سوی دیگر، میزان آب بارش‌شُو در جوّ ایران توزیع زمانی و مکانی همگنی ندارد به‌طوری­که در میان ماه­های بررسی­شده، بیشترین میزان مربوط به ماه ژولای و کمترین میزان مربوط به ماه ژانویه است. در میان فصول، بیشترین مقدار آب بارش‌شُو در فصل تابستان و کمترین میزان آن در فصل زمستان برآورد شد. به لحاظ مکانی نیز کمترین میزان آب بارش‌شُو بر فراز سلسله جبال زاگرس و بیشترین میزان آن در نواحی ساحلی جنوب و شمال متمرکز است. رفتار آب بارش‌شُو جوّ ایران در طول سری زمانی حاکی از افزایشی بودن روند آن است. روند افزایشی آب بارش‌شُو می­تواند بازخورد افزایش دما در پهنه ایران تلقی شود و بررسی آن از منظر تغییر اقلیم نیز اهمیت دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring of Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Precepitable Water (PW) in Iranian Atmosphere Using Aqua/AIRS Data

نویسنده [English]

  • Koohzad Raispour
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Precepitable Water (PW) which is one of the most important variables studied in meteorology and cloud physics, plays an important role in predicting air and rainfall. In this study, AIRS's sensor Aqua satellite PW data were used with monthly and spatial time steps of 1°´1° for the statistical period of 2003-2019. The AIRS sensor is one of the six Aqua satellite sensors designed to help researchers to investigate change of climate and improve air forecasting. The sensor has a very wide range of resolution, which is tens of times more powerful than similar devices before it. The extracted data, after qualitative control and pre-processing, were used by specialized softwares such as ENVI, ArcGIS and Grads to build raster, vector and information tables based on the geographical boundary of Iran. The data used are numerical and their numerical values are the amount of PW in millimeters (mm) per pixel or cell that was estimated for annual, sesonal and monthly observations. The average PW in the atmosphere of Iran is 13 mm, which is lower than the average PW of the global atmosphere (22 mm). On the other hand, the amount of PW in the atmosphere of Iran does not have a homogeneous time and space distribution. So, among the studied months, the highest amount is related to July and the lowest amount is related to January. Among the seasons, the highest (lowest) amount of PW was estimated in summer (winter). Meanwhile, local factors such as remoteness and proximity to moisture sources, play an important role in the distribution of PW in the atmosphere prevailing in Iran. According to the observations, the prevailed atmosphere over the heights (especially the Zagros mountains) has very low PW concentration, in contrast to the coastal shores of the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and Caspian Sea. It is because of having huge sources of moisture nutrition in the regions with the highest rainfall in Iran. However, the amount of PW in the atmosphere of Iran is more dependent on topography, distance, and proximity to moisture sources than on latitude (as opposed to global distribution). On the other hand, the PW behavior of the atmosphere of Iran over time, indicates that its trend is increasing. In addition to being a form of feedback on rising temperatures across Iran, the increasing trend of PW is also important in terms of climate change.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Precepitable Water
  • AIRS sensor
  • temporal-spatial distribution
  • atmosphere of Iran’s
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