اصلاح و ارزیابی چشمه‌های گردوخاک ناشی از فرسایش بادی در مدل WRF/Chem در غرب آسیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی‌

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای هواشناسی، پژوهشگاه هواشناسی و علوم جو، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، پژوهشگاه هواشناسی و علوم جو، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، پژوهشگاه هواشناسی و علوم جو، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش با هدف ارتقاء نتایج به‌کارگیری مدل WRF/Chem برای ارزیابی غلظت گردوخاک، با استفاده از روش سنجش از دور (داده‌های ماهواره‌ای SEVIRI) و محاسبه پارامترهای فیزیکی مؤثر بر انتشار گردوخاک مانند سرعت باد و رطوبت خاک، مقادیر پارامتر فرسایش­پذیری خاک که تعیین­کننده توزیع چشمه­های گردوخاک است، برای غرب آسیا مجدداً برآورد شد. از مهم‌ترین نوآوری­های این تحقیق، تلفیق بسامد رخدادهای گردوخاک با عوامل مؤثر بر تلاطم جوّی (سرعت اصطکاکی و سرعت همرفتی) و نیز سرعت باد 10 ‌متری است. با توجه به نتایج، وزن‌دهی و تصحیح بسامد رخدادها در شبیه­سازی دقیق‌تر غلظت گردوخاک در موارد مطالعاتی مؤثر است. مهم‌ترین چشمه­های شناسایی­شده در نقشه جدید، چشمه­های گردوخاک مربوط به عراق، سوریه، شرق ایران، سواحل عمان و دریاچه آرال است. مناطق زیادی ازجمله صحرای ترکمنستان و جنوب خلیج فارس که در نقشه پیش‌فرض، چشمه­های گردوخاک محسوب می­شدند، در نقشه جدید تغییر یافته‌اند. نتایج شبیه­سازی برخی رخدادهای گردوخاک با استفاده از نقشه تصحیح­شده و مقایسه آن با نقشه پیش‌فرض از نتایج رضایت­بخشی برخوردار بوده است؛ زیرا بیش‌برآورد شدید غلظت ذرات با استفاده از نقشه پیش‌فرض تا حد زیادی برطرف شده است و از طرف دیگر، توزیع غلظت ذرات نیز تطابق مناسب‌تری را با واقعیت نشان می­دهد که در قیاس با کل عملکرد مدل می­توان از آن چشم‌پوشی کرد. استفاده از مدل تابشی RTTOV در بررسی تغییرات کلی در دمای روشنایی شبیه‌سازی­شده از دیگر نوآوری­های این تحقیق است. نتایج این تحقیق می­تواند در سامانه­های عملیاتی پیش‌بینی گردوخاک استفاده شود. الگوی جدید چشمه­های گردوخاک قبل از اجرای مدل WRF/Chem بر فایل geo اِعمال و چشمه­های گردوخاک جدید جایگزین حالت پیش‌فرض شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Correction and assessment of dust sources in WRF/Chem, caused by wind erosion, over West Asia

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amirhossein Nikfal 1
  • Abbas Ranjbar SaadatAbadi 2
  • Sahar Tajbakhsh 3
  • Mohamad Moradi 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Atmospheric Science and Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, using remote sensing and calculating the physical parameters related to dust emission, the soil erodibility as a criterion of dust sources has been re-calculated and added to the WRF/Chem model, to replace the default dust sources (based on topography) in WRF/Chem, over West Asia. SEVIRI Dust RGB products, as the remote sensing data, and ECMWF-ERA5 meteorological data have been extensively used in the geographical identification of dust sources and calculation of their activity. Over 1100 dust sources have been identified by the aim of dust RGB images, and converted to dust frequency map, which at the next step, converted to the weighted frequency map, by applying the turbulence (friction and convection velocity), and 10m wind speed. One of the key innovations in this study is the combination of dust event frequencies (weighted frequencies) with the meteorological factors, including friction velocity, convection velocity, and 10m wind speed. The results show that the weighted dust frequencies are effective in improving the simulation of dust concentration. The spatial distributions of the new dust sources are similar to the default dust sources (based on Ginoux function), and different in many other regions. New redefined dust sources include regions in Iraq, Syria, eastern Iran, northern coasts of Oman Sea, and the Aral Sea. There are considerable regions in the new dust source map, including eastern coasts of Caspian Sea and southern coast of Persian Gulf, which in comparison to the default dust sources are not identified as active dust sources. The distribution and magnitude of the dust concentrations and the results of the WRF/Chem simulations of dust concentrations for two major dust episodes with the new dust sources and comparing them with the simulations with default dust sources show significant improvements. The new erodibility maps as the new West Asia dust sources, developed in this study, result in a relative improvement in the simulated dust concentration. It cannot be expected that all WRF/Chem dust simulations with the new dust sources in any region of the study area produce more accurate results.
    One of the most important purposes of this study was to provide a new dust source map that makes the WRF/Chem results of dust concentration more reliable; therefore, it can be used in operational and warning advisory systems for sand and dust storms. It is shown that for some cases the simulated dust concentrations are not different, using the weighted dust frequencies or only the dust frequencies. But in some other cases (especially eastern Iran), there are major differences between the simulated dust concentration and station data, in a way that confirms the significant role of weighted frequencies in reaching better erodibility factors (dust sources) in comparison to the dust frequencies alone. The capability of the WRF model is a key factor in correcting the dust sources. Good accuracy of WRF in wind simulation makes it a capable model in predicting the temporal and spatial variability of the dust storms. However, the stochastic variables, including the turbulence, can affect the accuracy of model.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • WRF/Chem model
  • dust sources
  • ERA5 data
  • SEVIRI dust RGB
  • RTTOV

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مجله ژئوفیزیک ایران
دوره 16، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 1-24

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