The near-fault zone motions exhibit long-period pulses in the velocity and displacement time history diagrams. These large pulses can cause severe damage to structures; therefore, near-field records have a different nature compared to far-field records. The acceleration reflection spectrum of the earthquakes recorded in the stations located near the fault is out of the usual shape, and in the period of intervals greater than 7 seconds, the amplitudes of the reflection spectrum increase significantly. The orientation of the structure near the fault is crucial, and the directionality effect should be considered due to the high relative risk in the studied area.
     Rupture starts from a point along the fault and propagates unilaterally to the beginning or end of the fault or propagates bilaterally to both directions. The propagation of rupture along the fault and the effect of rock fracturing velocity on shear wave velocity is called directivity. When the direction of rupture propagation is towards the site, the directivity effect can cause pulses with large amplitudes and medium to long periods. Directivity changes the energy distribution over time and can also occur in moderate and small earthquakes. Therefore, in addition to the distance to the fault, the direction of rupture propagation is also important.
     A study on the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in Kermanshah province (Iran) showed that increasing the structural period and return period increases the ground motion acceleration. The greatest acceleration increase occurs in the 4-second period and 2475-year return period. In return periods of 2475 and 475 years, the percentage increase in acceleration experiences a higher value, and the directivity effect is more pronounced in a return period of 2475 year compared to 475 year.