Iranian Journal of Geophysics

Iranian Journal of Geophysics

Evaluation of 3D seismic operation parameters, to improve them in several specific models

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Javad Dalir 1
Mohammad Ali Riahi 2
Hesam Mansouri Siyah Goli 3
1 M.Sc., Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
10.30499/ijg.2025.519140.1693
Abstract
The design of seismic data acquisition parameters is crucial for ensuring the quality of subsurface data recording, which is a direct result of effective operational implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of developing experimental procedures that facilitate the generation of parameters aimed at maximizing the quality of the desired seismic data. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the determination of seismic data acquisition parameters across three distinct synthetic velocity-depth models. Each model encompasses essential steps, including the identification of the target layer's depth, utilization of the velocity-depth model, and the establishment of fundamental seismic operation design parameters such as Bin Size, maximum offset, and Migration Aperture.
    The first model is based on the velocity model of the Cu Long Basin in the continental crust of southeastern Vietnam. The Co Lang Basin in southeastern Vietnam is located at the continental-oceanic boundary and is affected by complex tectonic processes influenced by the interactions of various tectonic plates. This region is one of the regions that has undergone major changes in its geological structures in conjunction with plate evolution and fault movements.
    This model features a unique configuration and fault types that differ from the actual geological conditions, resulting in a seven-layer structure with several relatively large faults. It exhibits a gentle slope and limited horizontal velocity variations, allowing for the achievement of adequate fold in the target area while meeting data collection expectations, given the relatively straightforward geological structure.
   The second model is derived from the Jangar Basin, characterized by complex horizons and faults alongside significant horizontal velocity variations. Although the relationships employed to determine the seismic operation parameters yielded favorable results regarding the signal-to-noise ratio, it was observed that increasing the dimensions of the collection area and the density of receivers and sources did not guarantee the required fold in all bins, particularly in geologically complex regions.
   The third model is based on the velocity and salt dome characteristics in the Gulf of Mexico. The presence of layers disrupted by salt domes allows for a predictable velocity model. In designing this model, the velocity and slope of the layers were derived from these regions. Energy loss within salt domes is notably high, resulting in waves entering the dome rarely finding a reflection point to reach the receivers, or the return point to the surface occurring at considerable distances. Studies on this model indicated that the fold at the boundary of the salt dome consistently equated to half the fold of a shallow horizon at the target depth, demonstrating reasonable accuracy.
 
Keywords
Velocity-depth model
seismic data acquisition design parameters
ray tracing
target layer depth

Subjects

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Iranian Journal of Geophysics

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 11 October 2025