بررسی کاربرد تبدیل موجک در روش زمین-رادار با مطالعه موردی ژئوفیزیک پزشکی قانونی در محیط برف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی‌

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای الکترومغناطیس ،موسسه ژئوفیزیک دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه فیزیک زمین، موسسه ژئوفیزیک دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه فیزیک زمین، دانشگاه استراسبورگ، استراسبورگ، فرانسه

چکیده

زمین- رادار (Geo-Radar) روش مناسب ژئوفیزیکی در بررسی­های نزدیک به سطح در محیط­های مختلف است و تاکنون کاربردهای فراوان آن با اهداف گوناگون مطالعه شده است. برف یکی از محیط­های کم­میرا و به‌نسبت مناسب برای مطالعات زمین- رادار است. با این حال، محیط­های برف‌گیر، چالش­ها و پیچیدگی­های خاص خود را برای مطالعات ژئوفیزیکی دارند. در بررسی روند مطالعه ژئوفیزیکی در چنین محیط­هایی، واکاوی چگونگی یافتن محل پیکر یک کوهنورد مدفون در برف به دلیل پدیده بهمن، ابعاد مختلف تحقیق کنونی را دربر­می‌گیرد. این نوع مطالعه در حیطه ژئوفیزیک قانونی (forensic geophysics) قرار می­گیرد. نخستین چالش در این‌گونه مطالعات، برخلاف ردیابی اهداف معمول، تخمین محدوده دفن کوهنورد است که باید به دقت بررسی شود. تجهیزات پوششی کوهنورد معمولاً از مواد عایق ساخته می­شود، اما بافت­های بدن نسبت به مواد نارسانا از رسانندگی الکتریکی درخور­توجهی برخوردارند. این موضوع در کنار آشفتگی­های ایجاد­شده در لایه­های مختلف برف که ناشی از بهمن است، به پیچیدگی­های این­گونه مطالعات می­افزاید. با نگاه به داده­های مطالعه موردی مدنظر، رادارگرام­های پردازش­شده ابتدایی، نشان بارزی از محل پیکر مدفون نداشتند؛ ازاین‌رو ضمن مدل­سازی پیشرو، روش­های پردازشی خاصی به‌کارگرفته شد که در نتیجه آن، تغییرات ایجاد­شده در رادارگرام­ها به‌ویژه در هنگام استفاده از تبدیل موجک پیوسته شایان توجه بود. در نهایت، با کاوش­های انجام­پذیرفته، پیکر کوهنورد فقید در عمق تقریبی یک متری یافت شد که همخوانی مناسبی با نتایج پردازش پیشرفته و تفسیر رادارگرام­ها داشت. این موضوع بیانگر آن است که رویکرد پردازشی پیشرفته در کنار پردازش­های معمول می­تواند نتایج مناسبی برای تفسیر داده­ها فراهم کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the application of wavelet transform to Geo-Radar with a case study of forensic geophysics in snow

نویسندگان [English]

  • sajjad Ghanbari 1
  • mohamad kazem Hafizi 2
  • Maksim Bano 3
1 Ph.D Student, Institute of geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Institute of geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Ecole et Observatoire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
چکیده [English]

Geophysical techniques have been successfully used by law enforcement agencies to locate graves and forensic evidences. Nonetheless, more controlled research is needed to better understand the applicability of this technology. Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-invasive geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. This method can be used in a variety of media, including rock, soil, ice, fresh water, pavements and structures. Different applications of GPR as a convenient geophysical tool have been studied in near-surface assessments for diverse media and targets. Snow is one of the low-loss medium and relatively suitable for GPR studies. Considering geophysical approaches in such environments, we will deliberate how body of a mountain climber was detected in snow due to avalanche occurrence. This kind of study is part of forensic geophysics. First step in such works is to estimate the position of the buried body by inspecting the place cautiously, which is different than routine works. Important points that assist in such cases are avalanche path, and rocks/hills and obstacles in the way after avalanche incident to mountaineer which react as a trap. Against the mountaineer body’s coverings which are formed by non-conductive materials, the body involves highly conductive textures. This phenomenon along with turbulences in snow layers occurred by the avalanche, increase complexity of these kind of studies. However, for investigation in places without avalanche incident and with more homogenous target, the procedure is simpler and straight forward. Looking at the data of mentioned in the case study, initially processed radargrams have no obvious sign of the buried body. Building a synthetic model based on environment and target properties can provide better vision for processing procedure. Therefore, besides forward modelling, some advanced methods were used. The applied advanced process created remarkable changes in radargrams especially when continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used. It seems that application of some processing parameters leads to higher amplitudes in radargrams. Eventually, more apparent hyperbola related to the target, were appeared that helped to separate snowy layer from beneath rock. In this direction, excavation a trench and laying a survey inside of it which was a convenient place to conduct data acquisition, was helpful to find probable indications to mountaineer’s body location. At the end, excavations revealed the body of climber at the depth around 1m where substantiated the results achieved from advanced processes and interpreted radargrams. Overall, advanced processing approach along with commonly used processes can reap suitable results for data interpretation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CWT
  • GPR
  • forensic geophysics
  • signal processing
  • snow

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مجله ژئوفیزیک ایران
دوره 15، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 91-110

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