Application of two-step GIT on source, path and site effects case study: Mw7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab great earthquake on 12 November 2017

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی‌

نویسندگان

1 Ph.D. student, Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده

One of the largest earthquakes in the Zagros region occurred on November 12, 2017, in Sarpol-e Zahab with Mw=7.3. We considered the aftershocks of this event and collected the S-wave amplitude spectra from 87 strong-motion records to determine the source, path, and site effects using a non-parametric generalized inversion technique. The grid-searching method based on Brune’s ω2 model was employed to determine some of the source
parameters. The corner frequency and seismic moment vary from 1.11 to 5.14 Hz and from 9.12×1014 to 1.36×1017 N.m, respectively. Also, The seismic moment and the cube of
corner frequency are inversely related to each other. The stress drop of
earthquakes is determined with the ε indicator. In this study ε is equal to 1.91; thus this value indicates that frictional overshoot has occurred with the dynamic frictional stress larger than the final stress. The S-wave quality factor is estimated as Q=101f0.67. The value of Q0 is small, which is characteristic of an active tectonic environment. We compared the site effects that were calculated by GIT and H/V methods. In most cases, a very good agreement was observed and the small difference between them is mainly due to the constraints and
assumptions of these methods.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of two-step GIT on source, path and site effects case study: Mw7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab great earthquake on 12 November 2017

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Reza Sakhaei 1
  • Majid Mahood 2
  • Reza Heidari 3
  • Mehran Arian 4
1 Ph.D. student, Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the largest earthquakes in the Zagros region occurred on November 12, 2017, in Sarpol-e Zahab with Mw=7.3. We considered the aftershocks of this event and collected the S-wave amplitude spectra from 87 strong-motion records to determine the source, path, and site effects using a non-parametric generalized inversion technique. The grid-searching method based on Brune’s ω2 model was employed to determine some of the source
parameters. The corner frequency and seismic moment vary from 1.11 to 5.14 Hz and from 9.12×1014 to 1.36×1017 N.m, respectively. Also, The seismic moment and the cube of
corner frequency are inversely related to each other. The stress drop of
earthquakes is determined with the ε indicator. In this study ε is equal to 1.91; thus this value indicates that frictional overshoot has occurred with the dynamic frictional stress larger than the final stress. The S-wave quality factor is estimated as Q=101f0.67. The value of Q0 is small, which is characteristic of an active tectonic environment. We compared the site effects that were calculated by GIT and H/V methods. In most cases, a very good agreement was observed and the small difference between them is mainly due to the constraints and
assumptions of these methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attenuation function
  • generalized inversion
  • site effect
  • source parameters
  • Zagros
Ahmadzadeh, S., Javan-Doloei, G., 2019, Site amplification effects on inversion results (case study: Zagros and Alborz regions), 8th international conference on seismology and earthquake engineering, Tehran, Iran
Ahmadzadeh, S., Javan-Doloei, G., Parolai, S. and Oth, A., 2019, Non-parametric spectral modelling of source parameters, path attenuation and site effects from broad-band waveforms of the Alborz earthquakes (2005–2017). Geophys. J. Int., 219(3): 1514-1531.
Ahmadzadeh, S., Parolai, S., Javan-Doloei, G., Oth, A., 2017, Attenuation characteristics, source parameters and site effects from inversion of S waves of the March 31, 2006 Silakhor aftershocks. Annals of Geophysics, 60:Suppl. to 6
Andrews, D. J., 1986, Objective determination of source parameters and similarity of earthquakes of different sizes, in Earthquake Source Mechanics, edited by Das S, Boatwright J, Scholz CH, 259-268, AGU, Washington D.C
Aram, M. R., Khazaie, B., 2019, Evaluation of Strong-Motion Parameters in Qom Province in Iran Using Generalized Inversion Method. Bulletin of Earthquake Science and Engineering, 6 (3): 27-42
Boatwright, J., Fletcher, J., Fumal, T., 1991, A general inversion scheme for source, site, and propagation characteristics using multiply recorded sets of moderate-sized earthquakes. Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 81:1764-1782
Boore, D. M., Joyner, W. B., 1997, Site amplifications for Generic Rock Sites, Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 87:327–341
Boore, D. M., 2003, Simulation of ground motion using the stochastic method. Pure Appl. Geophys., 160(3):635–76
Brune, J. N., 1970, Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res., 75:4997-5009
Brune, J. N., 1971, Correction. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 5002
Castro, R. R., Anderson, J. G., Singh, S. K., 1990, Site response, attenuation and source spectra of Swaves along the Guerrero, Mexico, subduction zone. Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 80:1481-1503
Efron, B., 1979, Bootstrap methods, another look at the jacknife, Ann. Stat., 7, 1-26.
Hamzehloo, H., Rahimi, H., Sarkar, I., Mahood, M., MirzaeiAlavijeh, H., Farzanegan, E., 2010, Modeling the strong ground motion and rupture characteristics of the March 31, 2006, Darb-e-Astane earthquake, Iran, using a hybrid of near-field SHwave and empirical Green’s function method, J. seismology, 14:169-195
Hanks, T. C., Kanamori, H., 1979, A Moment Magnitude Scale. J. Geophys. Res., 84:2348–2350
Hartzell, S. H., 1992, Site response estimation from earthquake data. Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 82:2308-2327
Hassani, B., Zafarani, H., Farjoodi, J. and Ansari, A., 2011, Estimation of site amplification, attenuation and source spectra of S-waves in the East-Central Iran. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 31(10), 1397-1413.
Husid, P., 1967, Gravity effects on the earthquake response of yielding structures. Report of Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
Izutani, Y., Kanamori, H., 2001, Scale dependence of seismic energy-to-moment ratio for strike-slip earthquakes in Japan. Geophys. Res. Letters, 28:4007–4010
Jackson, J. A., McKenzie, D. P., 1984, Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt between Western Turkey and Pakistan. Geophys. J. Roy. Astron. Soc., 77(1):185–264
Kanamori, H. (1977). The energy release in great earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res., 82:2981-2987
Kanamori, H., 1994, Mechanics of earthquakes, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 22:207–237
Karimiparidari, S., Zaré, M., Memarian, H., Kijko, A., 2013, Iranian earthquakes, a uniform catalog with moment magnitudes. J. Seismology, 17(3):897-911
Kinoshita, S. H., 1994, Frequency-Dependent Attenuation of Shear Waves in the Crust of the Southern Kanto Area, Japan. Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 84:1387-1396
Konno, K., Ohmachi, T., 1998, Ground-motion characteristics estimated from spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components of microtremor. Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 88:228–241
Lermo, J., Chavez-Garcia, F., 1993, Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station. Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 83:1574–94
Mousavi-bafrouei, S. H., Mirzaei, N., Shabani, E., 2014, A Declustered Earthquake Catalog for the Iranian Plateau. Annals of Geophysics, 57(6):1-25
Motaghi, K., Shabanian, E., Kalvandi, F., 2017, Underplating along the northern portion of the Zagros suture zone, Iran. Geophys. J. Int., 210:375-389
Nemati, M., Tatar, M., 2015, Relations between source parameters for large Persian earthquakes. Annals of Geophysics, 58(5):S0543
Nissen, E., Tatar, M., Jackson, J. A, Allen, M. B., 2011, New views on earthquake faulting in the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt of Iran. Geophys. J. Int., 186(3):928–944
Oth, A., 2007, Source Processes and Spectral Ground Motion Models of Intermediate-Depth Vrancea (Romania) Earthquakes, Ph.D. thesis, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Oth, A., Bindi, D., Parolai, S., Wenzel, F., 2008, S-Wave attenuation characteristics beneath the Veranca region in Romania: new insights from the inversion of ground-motion spectra. Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 98:2482–2497
Oth, A., Parolai, S., Bindi, D., Wenzel, F., 2009, Source spectra and site response from Swaves of intermediate-depth Vrancea, Romania, earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 99:235 254
Parolai, S., Bindi, D., Augliera, P., 2000, Application of the generalized inversion technique (GIT) to a microzonation study: numerical simulations and comparison with different site-estimation techniques. Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 90:286-297
Parolai, S., Bindi, D., Baumbach, M., Grosser, H., Milkereit, C., karakisa, S. and Zunbul, S., 2004, Comparison of different site response estimation techniques using aftershocks of the 1999 Izmit earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 94:1096-1108
Paul, A., Kaviani, A., Hatzfeld, D., Vergne, J., Mokhtari, M., 2006, Seismological evidence for crustal scale thrusting in the Zagros mountain belt (Iran), Geophys. J. Int., 166(1):227–237
Ren, Y. F., Wen, R. Z., Yamanaka, H. and Kashima, T., 2013, Site effects by generalized inversion technique using strong motion recordings of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earthquake Eng. Eng. Vibr., 12, 165–184.
Sakhaei, S. R., Mahood, M., Heidari, R., Arian, M., 2021, Determination of Source, Site, and Path Effects of Mw = 7.3, 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab Using a Non-Parametric Generalized Inversion Technique. Pure Appl. Geophys., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-021-02881-1
Sadeghi-Bagherabadi, A., Sobouti, F., Pachhai, S., Aoudia, A., 2020, Estimation of geometrical spreading, quality factor and kappa in the Zagros region. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 133: p.106110
Salazar, W., Sardina, V., Cortina, J., 2007, A hybrid inversion technique for the evaluation of source, path, and site effects employing S-wave spectra for subduction and upper-crustal earthquakes in El Salvador. Bull. seismol. Soc. Am., 97:208-221
Shahvar, M. P, Zare, M., Castellaro, S., 2013, A unified seismic catalog for the Iranian plateau (1900-2011), Seismol. Res. Lett., 84:233-249
Tatar, M., Hatzfeld, D., Ghafori-Ashtiany, M., 2004, Tectonics of the Central Zagros (Iran) deduced from microearthquake seismicity, Geophys. J. Int.,156:255–266
Wang, H., Ren, Y., Wen, R., 2018, Source parameters, path attenuation and site effects from strong-motion recordings of the Wenchuan aftershocks (2008–2013) using a non-parametric generalized inversion technique. Geophys. J. Int., 212:872–890
Wessel, P., Smith, H. F., 1998, New, improved version of generic mapping tools released. Earth Space Sci., News, 79. Doi: 10.1029/98EO00426
Zafarani, H., Hassani, B., Ansari, A., 2012, Estimation of earthquake parameters in the Alborz seismic zone, Iran using generalized inversion method. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 42:197-218
Zafarani, H. and Hassani, B., 2013. Site response and source spectra of S waves in the Zagros region, Iran. J. seismology, 17: 645-666
Zare, M., Amini, H., Yazdi, P., Sesetyan, K., Demircioglu, M. B, kalafat, D., Erdik, M., Giardini, D., Asifkhan, M., Tsereteli, N., 2014, Recent developments of the Middle East catalog, J. Seismology, 18:749-772.