مجله ژئوفیزیک ایران

مجله ژئوفیزیک ایران

کاربرد تصاویر نوری با قدرت تفکیک مکانی بالا در بررسی گسله‌های فعال: مطالعه موردی گسله شمال زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی‌

نویسندگان
فرزانه عابدی 1
زهره معصومی 2
اسماعیل شبانیان 2
استفانو سالوی 3
استفانو پوچی 3
1 دکتری تخصصی، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی علوم پایه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 دانشیار، دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی علوم پایه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
3 استاد، موسسۀ ملی ژئوفیزیک و آتشفشان، رم، ایتالیا
10.30499/ijg.2024.437502.1570
چکیده
گستره زنجان ناحیه‌ای در فلات ایران است که بخشی از دگرریختی فعال ناشی از هم‌گرایی عربی – اوراسیا را در میان دو کوهزاد البرز و زاگرس در خود جای می‌دهد. گسله شمال زنجان با بریدن کوه‌های طارم، گسترش رو به غرب کوهستان البرز را محدود کرده، با درازای نزدیک به 60 کیلومتر از کوه­های سلطانیه در جنوب زنجان‌رود تا شمال شهر زنجان ادامه دارد. نبود لرزه‌خیزی تاریخی مستند و زمین‌لرزه‌های دستگاهی با بزرگای بیش از 5/4 از ویژگی‌های لرزه‌زمین‌ساختی این گسله با آثار فعالیت زمین‌شناسی انکارناپذیر است. ما در این پژوهش تلاش داریم با تلفیق روش‌های ریخت‌زمین‌ساختی و داده‌های سنجش‌از‌دور در کنار بازدید‌های میدانی، شواهد مربوط به فعالیت لرزه‌ای این گسله را در گذشته چند هزار ساله بررسی کنیم. نقشه ریخت‌زمین‌ساختی گسلش کواترنری بر مبنای تحلیل تصویرهای ماهواره‌ای آرشیوی گوگل ارث، SASPlanet، تصاویر ماهواره‌ای KH9 دهه‌‌های 70 و 80 میلادی (پیش از گسترش شهر زنجان) و مدل‌های رقومی زمینی 50/12 متری ALOSPALSAR و 30 متری SRTM بررسی شده و پس از انتخاب محل‌های مناسب، تصاویر ارتوگرافیک و مدل رقومی ارتفاعی پهپادمبنا برای بررسی آثار زمین­لرزه­های دیرینه و کهن به کار گرفته شده است. این گسله با یک الگوی ساختاری پیچیده از سه بخش جنوبی، میانی و شمالی تشکیل شده و سازوکار اصلی آن فشاری راست‌بر است. جابه‌جایی‌های میانگین 1/1 متری (ترکیبی از جابه‌جایی‌های افقی و شاقولی) تک‌رویدادی، رویداد زمین‌لرزه‌های با بزرگای 7/6 تا 0/7 را در تاریخچه فعالیت هولوسن این گسله نشان می‌دهد. این پژوهش نمونه‌ای از کارآیی روش‌های فتوگرامتری نوین در بررسی رفتار زمین‌لرزه‌ای گسله‌ها در نواحی قاره‌ای با آهنگ دگرریختی آرام است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تکتونیک فعال
نبود لرزه‌‌ای زنجان-بیجار
گسله شمال زنجان
پهپاد
سنجش از راه دور

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Application of high spatial resolution optical imageries in active fault investigations: the north Zanjan fault

نویسندگان English

Farzaneh Abedi 1
Zohreh Masoumi 2
Esmail Shabnian 2
Stefano Salvi 3
Stefano Pucci 3
1 Ph.D., Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Center for Research in Climate Change and Global Warming (CRCC), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
3 Professor, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italy
چکیده English

The slow rate of active deformation and the absence of historical and instrumental moderate to large earthquakes in the Zanjan area have led to an underestimation of the active tectonic and seismotectonic impacts of major tectonic structures such as the Soltanieh and North Zanjan faults. The North Zanjan Fault (NZF), marking the western boundary of the Alborz Mountains, is a dextral reverse fault that directly affects the western districts of Zanjan city, where new urban and industrial sectors are emerging. However, it remains uncertain whether the fault experiences aseismic or seismogenic slip. Obtaining a geologically reliable answer to this question is crucial for our assessment of seismic hazard in the Zanjan region. In the absence of significant seismic activity, and in an effort to characterize the fault's behavior, we conducted an extensive investigation spanning several thousand years of geological activity along the NZF. This study involved a combination of photogrammetric technique, tectonic geomorphology, remote sensing, and field surveys. We utilized a wide array of aerial and specialized datasets, including open-access satellite images (e.g., Google Earth and SASPlanet), Keyhole (KH)9 dataset (1970-1980), 12.50 m ALOSPALSAR Digital Terrain Model, 30 m SRTM data, as well as drone-based Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and ortho-mosaics. Our three-dimensional morphotectonic analysis of both general-scale and newly acquired site-scale DEMs revealed a complex structural pattern for the NZF. This pattern consists of three distinct northern, central, and southern portions, interconnected through arrays of imbricate thrust faults.
    The primary fault zone has migrated westward from the mountain front into the Quaternary plain. Sharp centimetric lateral and vertical displacements observed in present-day geomorphology suggest abrupt recent movements along the fault, indicating the seismogenic nature of a significant portion of the fault slip. The most recent fault offsets are observed along the southern and central fault zones, where the offsets recorded by active streambeds or gullies do not exceed approximately 0.5 meters vertically and 1.10 meters in total displacements. Assuming a similar order of total displacement for the average slip per event implies a moment magnitude in the range of 6.7 to 7.0 for the last earthquake along the NZF. Our findings provide a solid foundation for future complementary studies on the paleoseismicity and slip rate of the fault. This study demonstrates that multi-scale temporal and spatial datasets can be confidently employed in active tectonic studies on slowly slipping active faults. When accompanied by Quaternary dating, these datasets can unveil the history of faulting in intracontinental regions affected by low rates of active deformation.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Active tectonics
Zanjan – bijar seismic gap
north Zanjan fault
drone
remote sensing
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مجله ژئوفیزیک ایران
دوره 18، شماره 4
مهر و آبان 1403
صفحه 79-106