مجله ژئوفیزیک ایران

مجله ژئوفیزیک ایران

بررسی دگرشکلی حال حاضر پوسته در منطقه برخورد مایل صفحات زمین‌ساختی عربستان - اوراسیا با تحلیل زمین‌آماری میدان‌های سرعت GPS

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی‌

نویسندگان
1 استادیار، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
3 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی مرند، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
چکیده
برآورد تانسور کرنش مسطحاتی در یک منطقه مستلزم آگاهی از میدان سرعت در همه نقاط منطقه است، درحالیکه مشاهدات ژئودزی مانند GPS به شکل گسسته در محل ایستگاه­ها انجام می­شود. بنابراین، نمی­توان دگرشکلی پوسته را به­صورت یک میدان پیوسته بررسی کرد. در این مطالعه، روش کریجینگ سراسری برای درون­یابی میدان سرعت ایستگاه­های GPS به یک شبکه منظم اجرایی شده و یک مدل پیوسته از میدان سرعت و آهنگ کرنش در منطقه برخورد مایل صفحات زمین­ساختی عربستان اوراسیا ارائه می‌شود. مختصات جغرافیایی، مؤلفه­های سرعت ایستگاه­ها به­همراه دقت آنها ورودی و مؤلفه­های میدان سرعت مسطحاتی به­همراه خطای برآورد روی شبکه منظم با فواصل 30 دقیقه و کمیت­های ناوردای حاصل از تانسور کرنش، خروجی هستند. برای انجام آنالیز داده‌های برداری جابجایی پراکنده 365 ایستگاه GPS مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای نیم­تغییرنمای گاوسی، RMSE برابر 13/1 و 73/1 میلی­متر در سال به­ترتیب برای مؤلفه­های شمالی و شرقی در حالت ناهمسانگرد بدست آمد. آزیموت حاصل برای نیم­قطر اطول بیضی ناهمسانگردی یعنی جهات بیشینه تغییرات برای دو مؤلفه شمالی و شرقی به­ترتیب برابر 107 و 103 درجه برآورد شد. میزان ناهمسانگردی در مؤلفه شرقی از مؤلفه شمالی میدان سرعت GPS بیشتر است. ناهمسانگردی زیاد در مؤلفه شرقی نشانگر مقاومت بلوک­های ایران مرکزی، لوت و خزر جنوبی در داخل منطقه برخورد است. تغییرات آزیموت بیشینه کوتاه­شدگی نشان می‌دهد که توزیع مکانی دگرشکلی پوسته در این منطقه نامنظم بوده و دارای ویژگی افراز است. آهنگ کرنش برآوردی از میدان سرعت درونیابی شده، دگرشکلی از نوع همگرایی در منطقه را نشان می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of the present-day crustal deformation in the oblique collision zone of Arabia-Eurasia tectonic plates using geostatistical analysis of GPS velocity fields

نویسندگان English

Asghar Rastbood 1
Farshid Pilehvar 2
Abolfazl Ranjbar 3
1 Assistant Professor,Civil Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student, Civil Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Marand Engineering Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Geodetic velocity data are vital for understanding crustal surface strain; however, since GPS measurements are taken at discrete locations, analyzing crustal deformation as a continuous field becomes challenging. This study employs the geostatistical kriging method to interpolate GPS velocity fields into a regular grid, thereby creating a continuous model of velocity and strain rates in the oblique collision zone of the Arabian-Eurasian tectonic plates. The input data comprise geographical coordinates and velocity components from 365 non-uniformly distributed stations of the Iranian Permanent GPS Network. The output includes horizontal velocity components, estimation errors on a 30-minute interval grid, and invariant quantities derived from the strain tensor.
    Based on the validation results, the Gaussian semi-variogram model is chosen for generating the Variance-Covariance matrix among reference and interpolation points. The RMSE values of 1.13 mm/year and 1.73 mm/year were obtained for the northern and eastern components, respectively, in anisotropic mode. The azimuths for the semi-major axis of the anisotropy ellipse, which indicate the maximum directions of change for the northern and eastern components, were estimated to be 107 degrees and 103 degrees, respectively. The average azimuth for the semi-major axis of the anisotropy ellipse, representing the two northern and eastern components, nearly coincides with the boundary of the oblique collision zone. Semi-variogram graphs indicate that the level of anisotropy in the eastern components is greater than that in the northern components. High anisotropy in the eastern component suggests that the Central Iran, Lut, and South Caspian blocks exhibit resistance to deformation within the oblique collision zone.
    By analyzing the components of the interpolated velocity field, it can be inferred that all of Iran is affected by the deformation resulting from the oblique collision zone of the Arabia and Eurasia tectonic plates. Deformation is not smoothly distributed in the study area. The direction of the eastern components (VE) within Iran varies, predominantly pointing westward in most areas, while in the southeast and northwest regions, it points eastward. The values of the northern velocity components (VN) decrease from south to north and from east to west. In other words, the southwestern region of Iran moves faster than the northeastern region. The range of the northern component is greater than that of the eastern component. The changes in the northern velocity component indicate the resistance of the South Caspian Sea block, as well as the Helmand and Turan blocks, to deformation in the collision zone.
The changes in the magnitude of the principal strain axes and the maximum compression azimuth indicate that the spatial distribution of the interpolated velocity field in the region is irregular and exhibits a clear partitioning characteristic. The strain rate derived from the interpolated velocity field indicates convergence-type deformation, affirming the presence of compression in the study area. Strain concentration is evident around the majority of the active faults in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Velocity field, kriging, GPS, crustal deformation, Arabia-Eurasia
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