تعیین مدل پوسته و سنگ‌کره نواحی البرز، ایران مرکزی و خزر جنوبی با استفاده از داده‌های ژئوئید وتوپوگرافی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی‌

نویسندگان

1 موسسه ژئوفیزیک دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه پاریس11، فرانسه

چکیده

در این تحقیق از مدل‌سازی هم‌زمان داده‌های ژئوئید، توپوگرافی، مفاهیم پایه فیزیک و ریاضی و هم‌ایستایی (isostasy) محلی به‌‌منظورتعیین ضخامت پوسته و مدل سنگ‌کره در مناطق فعال از نظر زمین‌‌شناسی، که همواره از موضوعات مورد توجه محققان است، استفاده شده ‌است. روش حاضر علاوه بر دقت خوب و سازگاری زیاد با پدیده‌های زمین‌شناسی، نسبت به روش‌های دیگر، سرعت زیاد و هزینه اندکی دارد. از دیگر مزایای این روش می‌‌توان به امکان بررسی هم‌زمان جغرافیایی محدوده‌‌ای وسیع و مقایسه چندساختار متفاوت زمین‌شناسی در کنار یکدیگر اشاره کرد.
مدل‌سازی روی نواحی شمالی فلات ایران شامل قسمت‌‌های شمالی ایران‌مرکزی، رشته‌کوه البرز و حوضه خزر جنوبی صورت گرفته است. نتایج حاصل به‌وضوح، ضخیم‌شد‌گی پوسته در زیر البرز تا ضخامت حدود 55 کیلومتر را نشان می‌‌دهد. ضخامت پوسته و سنگ‌کره در ایران‌مرکزی به نسبت نواحی مجاور کاسته شده است و به حدود 36-38 کیلومتر برای ژرفای موهو و 140 کیلومتر برای ژرفای مرز سنگ‌کره-‌‌نرم‌کره می‌رسد. هرچند فرورانش ورقه خزر به زیر ورقه اوراسیا به‌وضوح قابل رویت است لیکن در منطقه کپه‌داغ مشاهده نمی‌شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Crustal and lithospheric model of the Alborz, Central Iran and South Caspian Basin, using geoid and topographical data sets

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed-Hani Motavalli-Anbaran 1
  • Vahid Ebrahimzadeh Ardestani 1
  • Hermann Zeyen 2
چکیده [English]

Geological events and the curiosity of human mind to comprehend these phenomena compel the researchers to investigate their structures and tectonic evolution. Some key parameters to better understand these subjects are Moho Depth (the boundary between crust and mantle) and also the  Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB).
There are methods available which can give us some knowledge about these key parameters such as seismic, magnetotelluric, volcanologic and etc. Each one has advantages and disadvantages. In the seismological method, a period of about six months is needed to be sure that a reasonable quantity and quality of events has been detected to record enough data during the research.  The high expense of instruments and lack of access roads in high topography has limited this method to adequately capture the data researchers seek.  These problems also exist in the seismic base method. The seismic method is generally expensive. Moreover, this method is nearly blind in lithospheric depth such as LAB.
We tried to introduce another method that used potential field data. Our data were topography and geoid undulation mainly observed by satellites. The method for this study utilizes some basic concepts such as local isostasy as wel as some basic physical and mathematical rules, relations and equations. Our topography data were from the newly released topography database for all over the world, ETOPO1.  The spatial resolution of the data were 1 Arc-minute. The geoid undulation was calculated by a spherical harmonic up to order 2159 and degree 2190 from Earth Gravitational Model's 2008 (EGM2008). To avoid the effects of anomalies deeper than LAB, wavelengths greater than 4000 km were removed.
There were some advantages to this method such as: the higher speed of the calculation so that the examination of a big region was possibile at a fraction of the cost for other methods. Modeling was done on a very substantial area in the Northern part of the Iranian plateau that included the Northern part of Central Iran, the AlborzMountains and the SouthCaspianBasin.
The results showed the evidence of thickening of the crust up to ~55 km underneath the AlborzMountains. However, many previous researchers concluded no roots there. The other outcome of utilizing this method was thinning the crust and lithosphere underneath the Northern part of Central Iran (36-38 km for the crust and 140 km for the LAB) relative to the surrounding area. Our data reflected a solid correlation with some previous work and geological evidence. Subduction of the south Caspian basin (probable oceanic crust) underneath the Eurasia plate is completely visible; however, this activity was not recognized in Kopet-Dagh.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Moho Depth
  • Lithosphere
  • Geoid
  • Topography
  • Alborz
  • South Caspian
  • Central Iran
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