شواهد زمین‌لرزه و امکان شناسایی رخدادهای گذشته با تمرکز بر زمین‌لرزه طبس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی‌

نویسنده

استادیار، مؤسسه ژئوفیزیک، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

رخداد انواع زمین‌لرزه‌ها، علاوه بر تأثیرگذاری بر ساکنان مناطق تأثیر پذیرفته از آن زمین‌لرزه، انواع سازه‌های ساخته‌شده توسط بشر، محیط‌زیست و زمین منطقه تأثیر پذیرفته از آن رویداد را نیز تحت‌تأثیر قرار می‌دهند. مجموعه این اطلاعات، دربرگیرنده میزان تخریب و خسارات انواع سازه‌ها، و کلیه تغییرات محیطی شامل جابجایی‌ها، سنگ‌لغزش‌ها، زمین‌لغزش‌ها، روانگرایی‌ها، تغییرات شیمیایی و سطح آب در چاه‌ها، رودخانه‌ها و چشمه‌ها، و بسیاری موارد مرتبط دیگر می‌باشد. مطابق مطالعات جهانی، با به‌کارگیری این اطلاعات، امکان برآورد شدت در هر یک از مناطق تأثیر پذیرفته از هر رخداد زمین‌لرزه و همچنین، رومرکز آن زمین‌لرزه، و در صورت موجود بودن اطلاعات کافی، امکان برآورد پارامترهای مه‌لرزه‌ای زمین‌لرزه از جمله مختصات و بزرگای مه‌لرزه‌ای، و اطلاعات چشمه زمین‌لرزه نیز فراهم خواهد بود؛ که این امر، به‌ویژه در استخراج اطلاعات زمین‌لرزه‌های گذشته که اطلاعات ناچیزی از آن‌ها موجود است یا اطلاعاتی از آن‌ها وجود ندارد، شایان توجه است. در این مطالعه، با تمرکز بر زمین‌لرزه طبس که در شامگاه 25 شهریور 1357، در منطقه طبس واقع در شرق ایران رخ داد، توصیفات مرتبط با زمین‌لرزه جمع‌آوری و توضیح داده می‌شود. این زمین‌لرزه کم‌عمق که در ناحیه‌ای به وسعت 1130000 کیلومتر مربع احساس شد، حدود 1500 واحد مسکونی و 30 حلقه قنات را ویران کرد. گرچه این رخداد در ناحیه‌ کم‌جمعیتی رخ داد، رقم کلی تلفات انسانی آن بیش از 20000 نفر بود و مسبب ویران شدن کامل 90 روستا و خساراتی به 50 روستای دیگر شد. از جمله تغییرات محیطی آن، می‌توان به 85 کیلومتر گسلش سطحی ناپیوسته با سازوکار راندگی، جابجایی‌های قائم و افقی به‌ترتیب تا حدود 150 و 300 سانتی‌متر مرتبط با این رخداد اشاره کرد. در این مطالعه، بررسی منطقه با بررسی نقشه‌ها و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای مرتبط با منطقه رخداد زمین‌لرزه، آغاز؛ و محل‌هایی جهت بازدید صحرایی و نمونه‌برداری از رسوبات به­منظور تعیین سن مطلق رخدادهای احتمالی گذشته پیشنهاد می­گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evidence and description of the earthquake and the possibility of finding the paleo-earthquake concentrating on the Tabas Earthquake

نویسنده [English]

  • Hamideh Amini
Assistant Professor, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Earthquakes with a large magnitude affect people, man-made buildings and environments. This information can be a dataset of the earthquake description consisting of people’s feelings, the building damages, and the effects on the earth. For the building damages, different types of buildings should be considered to find the best dataset of the earthquake. For the effects on the earth, various environmental effects such as the displacements, landslides, rock falls, liquefactions, surface and chemical changes on the rivers and springs, etc. should be considered; more information of more situations, more accurate exports of the earthquake. According to global research in this field, using this information can be useful to assess the macroseismic intensity of the affected areas and the epicentral earthquake. Moreover, having a good dataset of these descriptions, the macroseismic parameters of the earthquake can also be estimated. It can be useful especially for the earthquakes with low or/ and lack of information in the earthquake catalogs and also paleo-earthquakes. This study concentrates on the Tabas earthquake, which occurred on September 16, 1978, in the Tabas region located in eastern Iran. This was a shallow earthquake felt in a region with 1130000km2 total affected area. Such as every large earthquake, several phenomena were observed related to this event. For example, it destroyed 1500 building units and 30 Qantas. Although the epicenter of the earthquake was located in a situation with a poor population, it destroyed or severely damaged 90 villages and slightly damaged other 50 villages. The surface rupture of this event was extended for about 85km with no connection on the surface with a trust mechanism. Moreover, 150cm vertical displacement and 300cm horizontal displacement were reported for this event. According to these descriptions of Tabas earthquake with magnitude more than 6, occurring more earthquakes in the past can be usual for this region; then, more investigation on this field is necessary. Therefore, in this study, primarily investigation on this region was started using the available maps (e.g. geology map) and images (e.g. Landsat) and for the following researches the locations near Ali Abad in NW of Tabas were suggested for the field study and sampling to date their absolute ages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Macroseismic description
  • Paleo-earthquake
  • Earthquake Intensity
  • Tabas
  • Iran
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گزارشی از زلزله طبس- مهر 1357- سازمان برنامه و بودجه- مرکز آمار ایران
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