Iranian Journal of Geophysics

Keyword Index

A

Abadeh quadrangle The use of vertical derivative filter with different orders in interpretation of potential fields anomalies [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 39-49]
AB Semblance A comparison of different methods of velocity analysis based on cross-correlation in reflection seismic data processing [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 40-55]
Accelerograms Source and Strong Ground Motion Parameters Estimation of the November 12, 2017, Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah Earthquake Using Recorded Accelerograms of Iran Earthquake Strong Motion Network [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 157-171]
Accelerometer calibration Calibration of the accelerometers on board GRACE satellites using discrete wavelet transform [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 29-36]
Accretionary wedge Tectonic setting of the 2013 May 11 Mw 6.1 Goharan earthquake in western Makran [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 1-23]
Accretionary wedge Velocity structure of the Iranian Makran subduction zone [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 63-79]
ACH method The effects of deep anomalies on upper mantle structures resolved by ACH-based body wave teleseismic tomography method [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 59-73]
Acoustic Impedance Estimation of elastic moduli based on Pre-stack simultaneous inversion of an oil field in the Persian Gulf [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 89-100]
Acoustic Impedance Modeling 3D Acoustic impedance modeling using turning bands simulation method in an oil field in SW of Iran [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 125-143]
Acoustic waves Seismic modeling in acoustic and viscoacoustic isotropic media in the tau-p domain [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 33-43]
Active fault Comparison of surface slip-data deduced from paleoseismological sites and focal mechanisms in the South Central Alborz [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 1-14]
Active fault Investigating the mechanical interaction among large earthquakes in NW Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 25-44]
Active faulting Characterizing two basement strike-slip faults in the Zagros Mountains; Razak and West Mand faults [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 79-92]
Active faults Velocity model calculation and seismicity study of last decade on Tehran and high Alborz elevations [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 78-95]
Active faults Evaluation of tectonic activity effect in the Zagros fold and thrust belt by seismic/geodetic moment rate ratio [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 167-184]
Active Neuro-Fuzzy Inference The effect of climatic parameters in the modeling of solar radiation using artificial intelligence (Case study: Yazd synoptic station) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 69-80]
Active Tectonics Application of high spatial resolution optical imageries in active fault investigations: the north Zanjan fault [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 79-106]
Adaptive denoising Enhancing Random Noise Attenuation in Seismic Data Using a Hurst Exponent-Weighted Adaptive Time-Frequency Peak Filter [(Articles in Press)]
Adaptive fuzzy-neural inference system, illumination temperature, generalized regression neural network, perceptron neural network, satellite data Estimating the amount of precipitation in the central draining basin of Iran using satellite data and neural networks [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 59-71]
Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Improvement the tropical cyclone forecasting process with effective features selection [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 67-82]
Adjoint-State Joint inversion of gravity and adjoint-state first arrival tomography [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 215-231]
Adjoint Tomography The structure of the central Makran accretionary prism and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration and seismic hazard [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 91-115]
Aermagnetic data Identification of copper-gold porphyry mineralization zones using airborne magnetic data, a case study of the British Columbia study area, Canada [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 69-80]
Aeromagentic field of Iran Differential reduction to pole of aeromagnetic data of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 41-55]
Aeromagnetic Spectral Analysis of aeromagnetic data for exploration of geothermal potentials of East Azerbaijan province [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 94-103]
Aeromagnetic The study of magnetic structures using aeromagnetic data and investigating their relationship with porphyry copper mineralization in the Shahr-e Babak, Kerman province, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 85-96]
Aerosol models Evaluation of the WRF/Chem aerosol models - a dust episode case study [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 1-18]
Aerosols Investigation of the microphysical processes on Aerosol particles using the coupled system of the Aerosol HAM scheme and the meso-scale WRF model [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 58-76]
Aerosols Interaction of vehicles produced aerosols and cold clouds in the laboratory [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 18-32]
African–Asian jet The geometrical structure of the upper-tropospheric African–Asian jet and its response to global warming in the CMIP5 Models [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 1-21]
Aftershock Aftershock analysis of the March 31, 2006 Silakhur Earthquake, Mw 6.1, using local data recorded by temporary seismic network [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 73-84]
Aftershock Relocation of the aftershocks of Mohamad Abad Rigan Earthquake December 20, 2010, (Mn = 6.5) using a nonlinear method [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 96-111]
Aftershock Aftershock analysis of the March 25, 2006, Fin earthquake, MW = 5.9 (Zagros - Iran) [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 17-32]
Aftershock Analysis of the causative fault during Silakhor earthquake, March 31, 2006 in Lorestan province [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 75-89]
Aftershocks Numerical modeling of mountain front fault (MFF) in the event of earthquake on November 12, 2017 Sarpol-e-Zahab by boundary element method [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 77-99]
AgERA5 Evaluation of air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land, AgERA5, and MSWX datasets over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 131-159]
Ahar-Varzagan earthquake doublet Rupture characteristics of the 2012 earthquake doublet in Ahar-Varzagan region using the Empirical Green Function method [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 81-92]
Ahar-Varzaghan double earthquakes Analysis of interaction phenomenon between 11 August 2012 Ahar-Varzaghan double earthquakes and the spatial distribution of aftershocks [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 13-24]
Ahar-Varzaghan fault Attenuation relationship for the horizontal component of peak ground acceleration and acceleration response spectra in NW Iran [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 76-90]
Ahar–Varzeghan The analysis of principal stress directions in northwestern Iran using main shocks and aftershocks in Ahar–Varzeghan region [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 103-117]
Ahvaz A statistical–dynamical analysis of severe convective storms in Ahvaz [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 1-17]
Ahvaz Recognition of patterns and synoptic analysis of rainstorm in western Iran based on thermodynamic instability indices: A case study of Ah-vaz [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 101-112]
Airborne electromagnetic Study of the effects of the variables changes on the inversion of airborne electromagnetic data in frequency domain [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 38-50]
Airborne magnetic data Mapping the subsurface structures and contacts using aeromagnetic data (case study: central and northern Egypt) [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 13-25]
Air-Land CO2 exchange Assessment of spatio-temporal variation of net terrestrial ecosystem CO2 exchange over west Asia and around the Mediterranean sea (1982-2019) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 245-261]
Air pollution Atmospheric stability analysis and its correlation with the concentration of air pollutants: A case study of a critical air pollution episode in Tehran [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Air pollution Effects of meteorological factors and air pollution on the spread and transmission patterns of COVID-19 in Iran [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 105-123]
Air Quality A Case Study of Summer Performance of Green Roof and Cool Roof Development Strategies on Air Quality in Tehran Metropolis [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 33-48]
Air Quality Index Impacts of NAO on the meteorological conditions of air quality in Tehran during 2006-2017 [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 51-72]
AIRS Sensor Monitoring of Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Precepitable Water (PW) in Iranian Atmosphere Using Aqua/AIRS Data [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 15-31]
Air Temperature Introduction and comparison of the performance of two global reanalysis databases in estimating daily maximum, minimum, and average air temperatures (case study: Helleh River basin) [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 53-68]
Air Temperature Evaluation of air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land, AgERA5, and MSWX datasets over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 131-159]
Albedo Analysis of the relationship albedo with Elevation, slope, and Aspect in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 241-251]
Alborz Estimation of the two-dimensional tomography of phase and group velocities and shear wave structure for Alborz region [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 21-36]
Alborz Crustal and lithospheric model of the Alborz, Central Iran and South Caspian Basin, using geoid and topographical data sets [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-11]
Alborz Polyphase Inversion Tectonics in Western Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 79-88]
Alborz Present-day crustal deformation in Alborz region based on GPS velocity field and spline functions [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 175-197]
Alborz Constraint on the active tectonics of the Alborz (Iran) using geodetic data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 55-76]
Alborz Evaluation of shear wave velocity anisotropy in the crust of the southern Caspian sea [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 13-29]
Alborz-Azerbaijan province Application of bayesian theory in seismology, case study: the north and north-west of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 1-20]
Alborz, fault, hazard analysis, seismicity, seismotectonics, Tehran Constraint on the active tectonics of the Alborz using seismology data [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 95-120]
Alborz rigion Determining focal mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 2≤ Mn≤5 in Alborz region by using the polarity of P wave first motion and S/P amplitude ratios [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 122-144]
Alborz Sharghi Recognition of the pollution zone related to acid mine drainage using three-dimensional modeling of geoelectrical data at Alborz-e- Sharghi coal washing plant area, Semnan Province, Iran [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 95-111]
Alborz zone Variation of the Moho depth in some Iranian seismotectonic zones using P receiver functions [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 132-152]
Algorithm Application of machine learning algorithms to estimate solar radiation (case study: arid and semi-arid climate) [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 25-39]
Aliabad iron deposit Depth detection of magnetic bodies by using the analytic signal derivative [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 52-363]
Allard’s visibility Improving runway visual range calculation using an optimized optical parameter [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 77-89]
Alternating Topography Effect of soil layering on resonance of alternating semi-circle and trapezoidal Hills [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 43-61]
Altitude Investigation of UV erythema radiation and total ozone for the city of Tehran during the period of 2013-2023 [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 47-59]
Aman-Abad plain Three-dimensional inversion of gravity data of basement relief of Aman-Abad Plain using Cauchy type integrals [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 1-17]
Ambient Noise Surface wave tomography and radial anisotropy using seismic interferometry in the Cental Alborz [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 183-197]
Ambient Noise The structure of the central Makran accretionary prism and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration and seismic hazard [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 91-115]
Ambient Noise Determination of two-dimensional shear-wave velocity profiles using single-station and array measurements of ambient noises in Hakimiyeh valley, Tehran, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 1-21]
Ambient Noise Velocity structure of the Iranian Makran subduction zone [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 63-79]
Ambient seismic noise Determination of ambient seismic noise directionality in the Central-Alborz/Iran using cross-correlation functions [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Ambient seismic noise Crustal and Sedimentary Basin Structure in Western Alborz and Tarom Ranges, Derived From Autocorrelation of Ambient Seismic Noise [(Articles in Press)]
AMD Recognition of the pollution zone related to acid mine drainage using three-dimensional modeling of geoelectrical data at Alborz-e- Sharghi coal washing plant area, Semnan Province, Iran [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 95-111]
Amplification Seismic Amplification of Peak Ground Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement by Two-Dimensional Hills [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 68-81]
AMSU-B Classification of hydrometeors using microwave brightness temperature data from AMSU-B over Iran [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 24-39]
Analysis Analysis and Diagnosis of Dipole Blocking in a Case Study [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 35-46]
Analysis of responses Analysis of spheroidal electromagnetic induction response as a model of unexploded ordnance [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 39-53]
Analytical Hierarchy Process Landslide susceptibility mapping of Chilas area along Karakorum highway, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 69-84]
Analytic signal Interpretation of magnetic anomalies using analytic signal derivatives [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 69-83]
Analytic signal The analytic signal and derivatives of the fractional orders for potential fields (applications in processing and interpretation) [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 1-16]
Analytic signal Detection of magnetic body boundary in Robat Posht Badam iron ore deposit by potential field derivatives and their spatial and phase (angular) components [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 31-45]
Analytic signal Estimation of depth, structural index and location of the magnetic sources by using combined method of AN-EUL [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 70-88]
Analytic signal Comparing the results of applying the AN-EUL on magnetic data, reduced to the pole data and pseudo gravity data [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 41-57]
Anarak Depth estimation of the 2-D magnetic subsurface bodies using multimodel wavenumbers [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-13]
Ancient Aqueduct Application of the ground penetrating radar for detecting the subsurface cavities-a case study from the Kariz galleries [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 79-94]
Ancient Meteorological Stations of Iran Evaluation of drought duration risk using annual secular precipitation data in ancient stations of Iran [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 13-23]
Android application Reliability of Seismic Data Recorded by Smartphone Accelerometers for Earthquake Engineering Applications [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 140-156]
ANFIS Evaluation of the groundwater potential of Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria, using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system optimized by three metaheuristic algorithms [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 47-78]
Angle of attack Investigation of aviation factors in the Tehran- Yasuj plane crash on 18 February 2018 [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 117-134]
Angström Model Evaluation of the performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting the daily global solar radiation and comparison with results from the Angström model (case study: Tabriz synoptic station) [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 30-41]
Anisotropic Applying Anisotropic PSDM to match depth of horizons in well data and seismic section [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 107-115]
Anisotropy Anisotropy parameter analysis in Mohammadabad, Rigan based on the aftershock analysis of the earthquake of December 20, 2010 [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 134-145]
Anisotropy Estimation of anisotropy parameter γ in Kangan and Dalan Formations by DSI in a well at South Pars field [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 139-150]
Anisotropy Mantle anisotropy in the Central Alborz obtained from SKS analysis [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 1-12]
Anisotropy Evaluation of shear wave velocity anisotropy in the crust of the southern Caspian sea [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 13-29]
Anomalies Influence of monthly pressure anomalies on autumnal precipitation in the northern coastline of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 82-101]
Anomalies Structural and depth to basment evaluation of parts of Brass and Olobiri, Bayelsa STATE, Nigeria, using airborne magnetic data [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 85-104]
Anomaly Two-Dimensional Rayleigh wave tomography for crust and uppermost mantle of Kopeh-Dagh (IRAN) [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 25-38]
Anomaly The impact of the East Atlantic–West Russia (EA–WR) teleconnection pattern on tropospheric low-frequency variability in Southwest Asia [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 25-39]
Anomaly Geological and geophysical exploration of Saghand iron deposit [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 116-132]
Anomaly Interpretation of the magnetic anomalies of the western mines of Sangan Ironstone using geology and borehole data [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 87-109]
Anomaly Detection The detection of 11th of March 2011 Tohoku's TEC seismo-ionospheric anomalies using the Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) method [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 93-103]
Ant Colony Algorithm Inverse modeling of three-dimensional gravity models using the ant colony optimization algorithm [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 102-125]
Ant Colony Algorithm Basement relief modeling by gravity inversion via Ant Colony Algorithm [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 39-54]
Anticyclonic wave breaking Comparison of wave breaking over Europe and Mediterranean region: wave activity aspects [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 83-101]
Apparent source time function, earthquake source parameter estimation, EGF Determining apparent source time function (ASTF) of seismic events through empirical green function analysis (a case study of Khoy 2023 earthquake) [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 125-138]
Arakawa grids Comparison of the efficiency of the sixth-order super compact and combined compact methods for spatial discretization of two-layer shallow water model: presentation of linear inertia-gravity and Rossby waves [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 49-69]
Aras Basin Evaluation of evapotranspiration changes in the Aras basin using spatial high resolution MOD16 product [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 119-137]
Archaeological Geophysics Subsurface Stratigraphic Imaging and Geotechnical Characterization of a Heritage Structure in Baghdad Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) [(Articles in Press)]
Arctic oscillation Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the dominant patterns of geopotetial height variability in the Mediterranean region by using empirical orthogonal functions [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 66-77]
Arctic polar vortex Arctic polar vortex dynamics during winters 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 1-7]
Arctic polar vortex Weakening of the Arctic polar vortex dynamic barrier in 2006, 2010 and 2014 [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 19-29]
Arctic sea ice The linkage between winter atmospheric circulation modes of variability, the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks, and Arctic sea ice cover [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1-21]
Arctic sea ice, Arctic warming, Barents-Kara Seas, atmospheric circulation, storm tracks Interannual linkage between Arctic sea ice cover and atmospheric circulation in winters: a new cause and effect approach [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 17-36]
Ardekul Ghaen Earthquake Effects of completing dataset to assess the intensity value concentrating on Ardekul earthquake (10 May 1997), Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 97-108]
ARPS model Impact of assimilating radar data to the ARPS numerical model in simulating the precipitation due to the synoptic system on the 31st of March 2009 in Tehran province [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 94-112]
Artificial intelligence Lithofacies classification using logging and sonic log effects assessment by taking the advantage of artificial neural network in a hydrocarbon reservoir [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 44-57]
Artificial intelligence Modeling dust storm based on spectral dust indicators and artificial intelligence in Hormozgan province [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 39-57]
Artificial intelligence Impact of upper-level atmospheric data on the accuracy of predicting different ENSO phases using hybrid machine learning models in the southern provinces of Iran [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 175-199]
Artificial Neural Network Application of principal component analysis to meteorological data in ANN input selection [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Artificial Neural Network ÙØ¯ÙâØ³Ø§Ø²Û ÙÛØ¯Ø§Ù Ø³Ø±Ø¹Øª Ù¾ÙØ³ØªÙ Ø²ÙÛÙ Ø¨Ø§ Ø§Ø³ØªÙØ§Ø¯Ù Ø§Ø² Ø´Ø¨Ú©ÙââÙØ§Û Ø¹ØµØ¨Û ÙØµÙÙØ¹Û ANNsØ¨Ø±Ø±Ø³Ù ÙÙØ±Ø¯Û: Ø´Ø¨Ú©Ù ÚØ¦ÙØ¯ÛÙØ§ÙÛÚ© Ø§ÛØ±Ø§Ù) [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 91-103]
Artificial Neural Network Comparison of the geodetic height correcting surface determination methods: A case study for Tehran [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 40-52]
Artificial Neural Network Blasting pattern design using dominant frequency and permissible peak particle velocity [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 20-29]
Artificial Neural Network Comparison of Multi-Layer Perceptron artificial neural network and Linacre regression model performance for predicting daily minimum temperature (Case study: Kerman, Shiraz, Rasht and Hamedan) [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 107-121]
Artificial Neural Network Using the fuzzy inference system to model the ionosphere total electron content in IRAN [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 86-98]
Artificial Neural Network Evaluation of two methods of forecasting wind gust speed in Iran and post-processing of results using artificial neural network [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 101-118]
Artificial Neural Network Artificial neural networks to model earthquake magnitude and the di-rection of its energy propagation: a case study of Indonesia [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 9-23]
Artificial Neural Network Forecasting the average monthly rainfall in the northwest of Iran using teleconnections and machine learning [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 77-90]
Artificial Neural Networks Evaluation of the performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting the daily global solar radiation and comparison with results from the Angström model (case study: Tabriz synoptic station) [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 30-41]
Artificial Neural Networks The effect of climatic parameters in the modeling of solar radiation using artificial intelligence (Case study: Yazd synoptic station) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 69-80]
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Projection of temperature and precipitation for 2020-2100 using post-processing of general circulation models output and artificial neu-ral network approach, case study: Tehran and Alborz provinces [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 123-140]
Asfezari database Introducing the TRMM and Asfezariprecipitation database: A comparative study [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Asia Climatological study of Asian and European blockings by means of two indices in the period of 1950 -2010 [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 31-51]
Asia The impact of rapid Arctic warming on weather patterns in West Asia [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 99-116]
Asmari Formation Calculation of the bin size and migration aperture in a 3-D seismic survey design using a linear velocity model: A case study of Ahwaz Oil Field [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 50-61]
Asthenospheric flow P-wave azimuthal seismic anisotropy across the Zagros [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 103-112]
Atacama Nonlinear two-dimensional modeling of gravimetric data using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and NSGAII-TOPSIS hybrid technique [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 57-80]
Atlantic-European region Climatological study of Asian and European blockings by means of two indices in the period of 1950 -2010 [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 31-51]
Atmospheric circulation Autumn Rainfall Anomalies and Regional Atmospheric Circulation along Establishment of Weak La Nina after Strong El Nino in Iran [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 1-15]
Atmospheric circulation The linkage between winter atmospheric circulation modes of variability, the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks, and Arctic sea ice cover [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1-21]
Atmospheric extinction coefficient Application of a digital image processing method for determination of the atmospheric extinction coefficient for the city of Tehran [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Atmospheric Pollution Seasonal Study of Dust Deposition and Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in Iran Using MERRA-2 Data [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 43-59]
Atmospheric visibility Atmospheric visibility and its affecting factors for the Geophysics Station, Tehran, for years 2001-2011 [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 128-141]
Attenuation Estimation of compressional and shear wave quality factor in North West of Iranian Plateau [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 97-111]
Attenuation Estimation of P-waves frequency dependence of quality factor in Qeshm Island [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 110-118]
Attenuation Estimation of quality factor for SH waves in Qeshm Island, using aftershocks of 27 November 2005 [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 127-140]
Attenuation Temporal variation of Q factor before and after Kumamoto earthquake [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 159-170]
Attenuation Estimation of shear wave quality factor and geometrical spreading applying the generalized inversion technique (GIT) for northern Zagros [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 119-131]
Attenuation function Application of two-step GIT on source, path and site effects case study: Mw7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab great earthquake on 12 November 2017 [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 1-18]
Audio-magnetotelluric A Comparison of impedance invariants and GB decomposition method for magnetotelluric data analysis; A Case study from SW Iran [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 37-52]
Autocorrelation Crustal and Sedimentary Basin Structure in Western Alborz and Tarom Ranges, Derived From Autocorrelation of Ambient Seismic Noise [(Articles in Press)]
Autocorrelation indices Pattern recognition of the spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters in the Zagros region (Iran) [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 53-68]
AutoQA4Env tool Quality control of measured surface Ozone at the Tehran city stations using a new sStatistical software [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 141-150]
Azarshahr-Tabriz fault zone Evidence of active faulting in the Azarshahr-Tabriz fault zone of northwestern Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 53-68]
Azimuthal homogeneity On the Diffusivity of Noise Data Recorded (2-8 Hz) at Stations Located in North-Western Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 89-99]

B

Back Projection Imaging strong lateral heterogeneities across the Caspian basin and northern Iran using body-to-surface wave scattering [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 121-135]
Back-projection resistivity technique (BPRT) Back projection resistivity fast imaging technique for 2D electrical resistivity data [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 123-145]
Backward Feature Selection (SFS) Feasibility study of Gusty wind prediction using data mining and regression based on the sum of limited field data [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 47-70]
Baghdad Subsurface Stratigraphic Imaging and Geotechnical Characterization of a Heritage Structure in Baghdad Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) [(Articles in Press)]
Bam earthquake Analysis of temporal variations of radon concentration and aftershocks of Bam Earthquake using Adaline neural network [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 113-126]
Bandar-Abbas North-West Bandar-Abbas earthquake doublet (Mw 6.1, 6.4) and its source identification [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 89-103]
Baroclinic waves Study of convection-producing instabilities in an ideal simulation of baroclinic waves [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 167-186]
Baseline correction Constructing a multi-source ground motion data bank: methodology for cleaning and integrating Iran, Turkey, and PEER records [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 81-100]
Bashmaq polymetal Application of magnetometery method for exploration of copper gold mineralization in Bashmaq polymetal zone of Hashtrood [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 39-48]
Basin geometry Geo-morphological mapping of the basin configuration of parts of southern Nupe Basin, Nigeria, using high resolution aeromagnetic and core drill dataset [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 91-110]
Bathymetric Data Resolution Assessing the role of bathymetric data resolution and FD grid spacing in numerical tsunami simulation [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 137-151]
Bayesian Inversion of spectral induced polarization data for Cole–Cole parameters using simulated annealing algorithm [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 78-92]
Bayesian inversion Feasibility study of probabilistic seismic inversion to porosity for a carbonate reservoir [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 105-123]
Bayesian inversion Coseismic Deformation Mapping of the 2020 Karakanja Earthquake in Tajikistan Using InSAR Observations [(Articles in Press)]
Bayesian maximum entropy Evaluating the efficiency of spatial geostatistical methods for identifying the spatial patterns of precipitation: a case study of Namak lake watershed [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 89-110]
Bayesian model averaging Clustering-based semi-local estimation of BMA and EMOS models for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting [(Articles in Press)]
Bayesian Theory Application of bayesian theory in seismology, case study: the north and north-west of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 1-20]
Bayes theory Deconvolution of seismic data by applying the Bayes theory [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 17-30]
Beach stabilization Port wave data simulation in Zarabad using Mike21 and data modification with artificial neural network [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 139-155]
Bedrock Gravity–Geoelectric joint inversion to recognize the bedrock structure of aquifers (case study: part of Qotrum plain in Iran) [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 67-82]
Belikov method Comparison of row-wise and column-wise methods in ultra-high degree/order spherical harmonic transforms [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 55-65]
Benchmark test Performance review of nonlinear shallow water equations in tsunami wave modeling [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 115-141]
Bengkulu Basin Identification of potential hydrocarbon traps using the gravity method in the Bengkulu basin [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 69-83]
Bias Introducing the TRMM and Asfezariprecipitation database: A comparative study [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Bias Evaluation of GPS RO derived precipitable water vapor against ground-based GPS observations over Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 85-100]
Biharmonic spline Present-day crustal deformation in Alborz region based on GPS velocity field and spline functions [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 175-197]
Bin size Calculation of the bin size and migration aperture in a 3-D seismic survey design using a linear velocity model: A case study of Ahwaz Oil Field [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 50-61]
Bishop Interpretation of magnetic anomalies using analytic signal derivatives [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 69-83]
BISQ model Joint and simultaneous inversion of petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks using parallel niche generic algorithm [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 48-68]
Black Sea corridor The investigation of atmospheric circulation patterns during wet and dry spells over the southern coast of the Caspian Sea [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 140-176]
Blast furnace slag Metaheuristic-optimized machine learning models for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of geopolymer-stabilized clay soils [(Articles in Press)]
Blind deconvolution, CNN, 2D operator Seismic 2D blind deconvolution via convolutional neural network [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 23-38]
Block rotation Polyphase Inversion Tectonics in Western Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 79-88]
BMA method Projection of precipitation intensity in Iran using NEX-GDDP by multi-model ensemble approach [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 47-68]
Bootstrap Uncertainty estimation in earthquake magnitude determination using high-rate GPS data with Bootstrap method [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 187-203]
Bouguer Anomaly Estimation of the optimum upward continuation height for chromite prospecting at Hormozgan province [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 1-9]
Bouguer Anomaly Subsurface bodies imagingusing the probability tomography method forgravity data [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Bouguer density Application of fractal methods to determine the Bouguer density in Charak Region (South of Iran) [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 34-50]
Boundary element method Slip rate partitioning among the southern central Alborz active faults by considering mechanical interactions among faults [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 78-95]
Boundary element method Investigating the dynamic behavior of the north Tabriz fault in the interseismic period using physical models of the earthquake cycle in a viscoelastic half-space [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 101-120]
Boundary Elements Method Slip rate partitioning in the North Tabriz fault using permanent and campaign GPS observables [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 83-102]
Boundary Layer A study of helicity and helicity flux in the Gonu tropical storm [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 97-115]
Boussinesq Implementation of the fourth-order compact scheme for numerical simulation of bottom gravity current over a slope [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 58-71]
Boussinesq equations Numerical solution of incompressible Boussinesq equations using sixth-order combined compact scheme [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 53-65]
Brady&‌‌rsquo Investigating the Impact of Gauge Length on Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Data and the Processing: A Case Study in the Nevada Region Using the PoroTomo Array Data [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 21-36]
Brightness temperature Classification of hydrometeors using microwave brightness temperature data from AMSU-B over Iran [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 24-39]
Brightness Temperature Difference Modeling dust storm based on spectral dust indicators and artificial intelligence in Hormozgan province [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 39-57]
Bright points Periodic behavior of fast small-scale brightening on the solar disk [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 101-118]
British Collumbia Identification of copper-gold porphyry mineralization zones using airborne magnetic data, a case study of the British Columbia study area, Canada [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 69-80]
Broadband and short period seismograph Mantle anisotropy in the Central Alborz obtained from SKS analysis [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 1-12]
Brune model Calculation of magnitude M1 for earthquakes in the Tehran region [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 1-11]
Brune source model Source and Strong Ground Motion Parameters Estimation of the November 12, 2017, Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah Earthquake Using Recorded Accelerograms of Iran Earthquake Strong Motion Network [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 157-171]
Buoyancy Force A study of helicity and helicity flux in the Gonu tropical storm [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 97-115]
Buried channels Detecting buried channels using linear least square RGB color stacking method based on deconvolutive short time Fourier transform [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 104-112]
Buried channels Detection of buried channels using color stack method (RGB) [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 62-72]
Buried pipelines Soil–pipe interaction and p–y response of buried pipelines under normal faulting: a numerical study [(Articles in Press)]
Buried utilities The effect of antenna central frequency and application of advanced processing in locating buried urban utilities by GPR method [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 93-106]
Bushehr power plant Simulation of atmospheric dispersion and dose assessment by a coupled WRF-HYSPLIT model for Bushehr power plant [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 19-50]
Butterworth filter Effect of low-pass filter on structural index of magnetic anomalies [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 45-53]
Butterworth filter Constructing a multi-source ground motion data bank: methodology for cleaning and integrating Iran, Turkey, and PEER records [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 81-100]
B – Δ Single station estimation of earthquake early warning parameters by using amplitude envelope curve [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 1-10]

C

CAPE Analysis of updraft velocity in mesoscale convective systems using satellite and WRF model simulations [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 57-70]
Carbonate Reservoirs Feasibility study of probabilistic seismic inversion to porosity for a carbonate reservoir [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 105-123]
Carbonate Reservoirs Porosity estimation of carbonate reservoirs using a hybrid deep neural network model based on well data [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 143-164]
Carbonate rocks Evaluating the variation of seismic parameters due to fluid substitution in a carbonate reservoir [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Carbonate rocks Relationship between pore volume compressibility and cementation factor with the aim of considering the effect of texture and pore type in carbonate rocks [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 45-57]
Cascade-forward back propagation Prediction of the multi-level beach cusp spacing using artificial neural networks [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 1-18]
Caspian Sea A study of the roles of important forcing mechanisms on the circulation of the Caspian Sea using numerical simulation [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 118-142]
Caspian Sea Acquisition, processing and interpretation of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data for recognition of subsurface sediments in southeast of the Caspian Sea [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 118-135]
Caspian Sea A study of winter temperature anomalies in Iran by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 12-27]
Caspian Sea Non-linear stochastic inversion of 2D gravity data using evolution strategy (ES) [Volume 11, Issue 5, 2017-18, Pages 26-42]
Caspian Sea Estimation of contribution of nitrate pollution sources on the spatial distribution of the pollutant in the Caspian Sea [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 167-189]
Caspian Sea A review of Shallow Water Flows (SWF) and evaluation of this prob-lem by 3D seismic data in the South Caspian Basin, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 45-63]
Castagna relation Comparison of Castagna’s relation with DSI data for estimation of Vp/VS [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 112-123]
C band Quality control of meteorological radar data using three-dimensional reflectivity [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 120-131]
C-D grid Accuracy assessment of sixth order combined compact and super compact methods on C-D and LE grids: Representation of linear inertia-gravity and Rossby waves [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
CDS Improving seismic image in complex structures by new solving strategies in the CO-CRS and the CO-CDS methods [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 42-56]
CDS Velocity Inversion with an Iterative Normal Incidence Point (NIP) Wave Tomography with Model-Based Common Diffraction Surface (CDS) Stack [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 16-25]
Central Alborz Determination of ambient seismic noise directionality in the Central-Alborz/Iran using cross-correlation functions [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Central Alborz Three-dimensional imaging of Central Alborz’s crust by using local earthquake tomography [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 146-161]
Central Alborz Local magnitude scale (ML) for central Alborz [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 59-71]
Central Alborz Mantle anisotropy in the Central Alborz obtained from SKS analysis [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 1-12]
Central Alborz Comparison of surface slip-data deduced from paleoseismological sites and focal mechanisms in the South Central Alborz [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 1-14]
Central Compact Scheme Numerical simulation of Poincaré waves using central and non-central compact schemes [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 47-67]
Central Iran Crustal and lithospheric model of the Alborz, Central Iran and South Caspian Basin, using geoid and topographical data sets [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-11]
Central Iran Interpretation of potential field anomalies to investigate geological structures and oilfield exploration: A local study in the south Semnan [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 90-104]
Central Plateau of Iran Assessment of the tourism potential of the central plateau of Iran using a thermal stress analysis approach during warm and cold periods of the year [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 157-180]
Centre of Exploration Targeting Identification of copper-gold porphyry mineralization zones using airborne magnetic data, a case study of the British Columbia study area, Canada [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 69-80]
CFS-v2 Accuracy assessment of CFS-v2, MERRA-2, ERA-5 temperature over the different regions of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 1-24]
CFSv.2 Forecasting of monthly precipitation based on ensemble approach using CFSv2-WRF model over Iran (case study: October 2019 to April 2020) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 129-145]
Chabahar Bay Assessing the role of bathymetric data resolution and FD grid spacing in numerical tsunami simulation [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 137-151]
Changes in Sea Surface height Numerical modeling of physical properties, currents and eddies in the Southern Caspian Sea [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 69-82]
Characteristics Climatological study of Asian and European blockings by means of two indices in the period of 1950 -2010 [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 31-51]
Charak Application of fractal methods to determine the Bouguer density in Charak Region (South of Iran) [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 34-50]
Chargeability RESIP2DMODE: A MATLAB-Based 2D Resistivity and Induced Polarization Forward Modeling Software [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 60-78]
Chaybagh Study of landslide potential in Chaybagh region with 2D electrical resistivity tomography method [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 223-237]
Chi angle scan Chi angle scan for investigating gas water contact of a Pliocene reservoir in the offshore East Nile Delta, Egypt [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 129-137]
Chiba dense array A comparison among different methods in the evaluation of torsional ground motion [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 32-48]
Chooman Dam Subsurface structural characterization of the Chooman Dam site using geoelectric method [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 22-30]
Chromite Estimation of the optimum upward continuation height for chromite prospecting at Hormozgan province [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 1-9]
Chromosphere Periodic behavior of fast small-scale brightening on the solar disk [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 101-118]
Chromosphere Fluctuating morphology of the solar magnetic bright points [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 1-11]
Circumglobal waveguide The waveguide properties of subtropical jet in the Northern Hemisphere winter under the influence of ENSO, IOD and QBO: Monthly-scale case studies [(Articles in Press)]
Civil infrastructure uses Investigating and processing of ground penetrating radar (GPR) sections in order to identify high-risk areas of subsidence and sinkholes in the alluvial sedimentary plain of Abarkooh, Yazd [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 127-138]
Classification Classification of hydrometeors using microwave brightness temperature data from AMSU-B over Iran [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 24-39]
Clay Comparison of various machine learning algorithms for estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of cement and volcanic ash stabilized clay [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 19-37]
Clear air turbulence Prediction of the clear air turbulence over western Iran (Tehran–Ahwaz and Tehran–Ardebil) using the WRF model simulations [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 120-143]
Climate The effects of Gotvand Dam construction on climatic parameters of temperature, humidity and precipitation [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 105-117]
Climate change Investigating the climate change diagnostics over the north western parts of the Indian Ocean: The SST analysis for the period 1950-2009 [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 26-40]
Climate change An outlook on the Iranian Köppen-Geiger climate zones in the 21st century [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 84-100]
Climate change Divergent pathways of upper-ocean heat accumulation in the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman [(Articles in Press)]
Climate Classification An outlook on the Iranian Köppen-Geiger climate zones in the 21st century [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 84-100]
Climate memory and Random Forest Model Drought Prediction in Khuzestan Province Using Climate Teleconnection Indices and Machine Learning Methods at Multiple Timescales [(Articles in Press)]
Climate Models Changes in the snow cycle in the northern hemisphere: a multimodel analysis of global warming scenarios and climate engineering [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 181-200]
Climate Teleconnection Indices Drought Prediction in Khuzestan Province Using Climate Teleconnection Indices and Machine Learning Methods at Multiple Timescales [(Articles in Press)]
Climatology Climatological study of Asian and European blockings by means of two indices in the period of 1950 -2010 [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 31-51]
Climatol package Exploratory Analysis and Detection of In-homogeneities in Temperature and Precipitation Series of Meteorological Stations in Iran (Period 1959-2018) [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 213-233]
Cloud microphysics A case study of the impact of aerosols on properties of clouds and precipitation under different relative humidity [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 33-46]
Cloud Seeding Determining Target and Control Areas in Operational Cloud Seeding Programs over Iran by Dispersion Simulation of Seeding Materials Using HYSPLIT Model [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 1-30]
Cluster analysis Identification of the temperature regimes of Iran using multivariate methods [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 15-35]
Clustered earthquakes Relative moment tensor inversion method using synthetic data and its application to the aftershocks of the Faryab Earthquake on February 28, 2006 (Mw 6.0) [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 51-63]
Clustering Accelerograms selectionfortime history analyses via clustering by a genetic algorithm compared with K-meansmethod [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Clustering Introduction SeisART software application for seismic facies analysis with combining artificial intelligence and interpreter knowledge [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 64-77]
Clustering Recognition of patterns and synoptic analysis of rainstorm in western Iran based on thermodynamic instability indices: A case study of Ah-vaz [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 101-112]
Clustering Fractal nature of seismicity pattern prior to the 2022 Hormozgan Doublet earthquakes, southeast Iran [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 31-42]
Clustering Reduction of the data required for training deep learning models based on clustering of the data and its application in one-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 81-100]
Clustering Clustering-based semi-local estimation of BMA and EMOS models for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting [(Articles in Press)]
Cluster mission The transition energy and the beaming angle of converted LO-mode waves from 100 to 400 kHz through density gradient according to observations of kilometric continuum radiations in the plasmapause [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 1-9]
CMIP5 Projected changes in winter-time storm trcaks over Atlantic-Mediterranian-Southwest Asia using the MPI-ESM-LR model for RCP8.5 scenario in CMIP5 [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 1-18]
CMIP5 models The geometrical structure of the upper-tropospheric African–Asian jet and its response to global warming in the CMIP5 Models [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 1-21]
CMIP5 models Assessment of CMIP5 climate models with observed precipitation in Iran [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 40-53]
CMIP6 Evaluation of CMIP6 models in estimating temperature in Iran with emphasis on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 39-56]
CMIP6 Projected heat stress in Iran based on CMIP6 multi-model ensemble [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 157-173]
CMIP6 Changes in cold and hot days and nights indices in Iran using EC-Earth3 multi-model ensemble configurations [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 101-121]
CMIP6 A multi‑criteria framework (Entropy–TOPSIS) for selecting optimal CMIP6 model–method combinations for precipitation and temperature bias correction in northeastern Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 131-155]
CMIP6 Reducing Uncertainty in NEX-GDDP Downscaled Climate Projections via Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) over Iran during the Historical Period [(Articles in Press)]
CMIP6-MME The impacts of climate change on the essential climate variables (ECVs) in Iran [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 1-17]
CMIP6 models Projected temperature anomalies and trends in different climate zones in Iran based on CMIP6 [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 35-54]
CMPR method Improving the results of CMP-Refraction method by using GRM method [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 124-140]
CMS Estimation of Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS) in Zagros, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 21-31]
Coagulation Investigation of the microphysical processes on Aerosol particles using the coupled system of the Aerosol HAM scheme and the meso-scale WRF model [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 58-76]
Coastal Makran, wave amplitude amplification, earthquake hazard analysis, weak signals, futures studies Detection of weak signals of earthquake hazards by examining the amplification of long-wavelength seismic waves in the Makran region of Iran [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 53-74]
Coda waves Estimation of quality factor of coda waves in Makran region, southeast of Iran [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Coda waves Investigation of frequency dependence of seismic coda wave quality factor in the east-northeast of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 147-162]
Coherency model Three-dimensional seismic response of earth dams subjected to spatially varying earthquake ground motion [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 1-12]
COHERENS model A comparative numerical study of water circulation in the Persian gulf using different turbulence schemes [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 35-53]
COHERENSmodel A study of the roles of important forcing mechanisms on the circulation of the Caspian Sea using numerical simulation [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 118-142]
Cohesive Sediment The 2D numerical simulation of fine-grained marine sediment transport in the channel of the Bushehr Port [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 119-130]
Cokriging Evaluating the efficiency of spatial geostatistical methods for identifying the spatial patterns of precipitation: a case study of Namak lake watershed [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 89-110]
Cole-Cole model Inversion of spectral induced polarization data for Cole–Cole parameters using simulated annealing algorithm [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 78-92]
Cole-Cole model 3D Modeling of resistivity and IP data for rectangle array using Finite Element Method [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 153-172]
Combinatorial Search Estimation Evaluation of unstable points detection methods in geodetic GNSS-based networks [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 175-192]
Combined compact method Numerical solution of shallow water equations using the sixth-order combined compact method [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 35-49]
Combined compact scheme Comparison of the efficiency of the sixth-order super compact and combined compact methods for spatial discretization of two-layer shallow water model: presentation of linear inertia-gravity and Rossby waves [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 49-69]
Common image gather Presenting automatic velocity model updating by reducing residual depth move-out in the presence of lateral velocity changes and velocity anomaly [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 83-51]
Common reflection surface Lateral velocity heterogeneties modelling in seismic tomography by introducing different initial velocity models [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Common reflection surface Seismic imaging in geologically complex thrust belts by kinematic wavefield attributes [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 95-116]
Compact inversion Prospecting the Doroh mining Index using inverse modeling of geophysical data (M, Rs, IP) [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 59-77]
Compact inversion modeling 2D modeling of gravity data with the compact inversion method and density variation as a stopping criterion [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 92-108]
Complex gradients Determination of parameters of self-potential anomalies using Hilbert transform method [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 26-34]
Complex Network Investigation of the Zagros recurrence earthquakes using the network theory [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 69-77]
Complex Network Determination of seismic parameters of Iranian earthquakes by network theory [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 117-130]
Compressional wave velocity Investigation of jointed concrete specimens using compressional wave velocity and resistivity [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 25-35]
Compressive and shear waves Estimation of compressional and shear wave quality factor in North West of Iranian Plateau [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 97-111]
Computational Data Analysis A data-driven approach to reservoir characterization: machine learning and seismic Attribute integration in the penobscot field, Nova Scotia basin [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 153-165]
COMSOL Gravity–Geoelectric joint inversion to recognize the bedrock structure of aquifers (case study: part of Qotrum plain in Iran) [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 67-82]
COMSOL Investigating the effect of thermal loading on geothermal piles in stratified soils [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 17-28]
COMSOL script 3D Modeling of resistivity and IP data for rectangle array using Finite Element Method [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 153-172]
Condensation Investigation of the microphysical processes on Aerosol particles using the coupled system of the Aerosol HAM scheme and the meso-scale WRF model [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 58-76]
Confining Pressure The effect of the confining pressure on the elastic wave velocity, the dynamic and static Young’s moduli of Sarvak limestone specimen [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 12-25]
Conglomerate Numerical and field analysis of wave propagation and cracks caused by presplit blasting in conglomerate rock mass at Gotvand Olya dam [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 49-65]
Conjugate faults Tectonic setting of the 2013 May 11 Mw 6.1 Goharan earthquake in western Makran [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 1-23]
Consolidation Study of the electrical resistivity changes in soils during consolidation testing [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 102-110]
Constitutive modelling A Review of Constitutive Modeling of Unsaturated Soils [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 81-128]
Contaminant Contaminant plume modeling in aquifers through prediction-focused approach and geoelectrical data [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 137-148]
Continental deformation Tectonic setting of the 2013 May 11 Mw 6.1 Goharan earthquake in western Makran [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 1-23]
Continental lithosphere Investigation of the effect of rheology on the upper plate deformation in subduction systems via numerical simulation: Insight into the Eocene Neothetys subduction in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 171-190]
Convection initiation Nowcasting of convection initiation using satellite data [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 1-22]
Convective available potential energy On the relationship between convective and teleconnection indices over the West Asia [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 1-26]
Convective Dust Storm Nowcasting of convection initiation using satellite data [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 1-22]
Convergence Non-linear inversion of magnetic data using Gradient subspace method [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 13-31]
Cool Roof A Case Study of Summer Performance of Green Roof and Cool Roof Development Strategies on Air Quality in Tehran Metropolis [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 33-48]
Copper mineralization Application of magnetometery method for exploration of copper gold mineralization in Bashmaq polymetal zone of Hashtrood [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 39-48]
Core Lithofacies classification using logging and sonic log effects assessment by taking the advantage of artificial neural network in a hydrocarbon reservoir [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 44-57]
Correlation The near field explosion waveform modeling and important effective parameters [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 136-149]
Correlation The effects of cloudiness and total ozone on UV-B radiation in Esfahan region [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 74-88]
Correlation Study of the interrelationship between global climate indices at different time scales [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 199-214]
Correlation coefficient Impacts of NAO on the meteorological conditions of air quality in Tehran during 2006-2017 [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 51-72]
Correlation coefficient Synoptic pattern of extreme precipitation in southwestern Iran during warm season [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 83-104]
Correlation relation Estimation of Vp -Vs correlation and determination of elastic modulus for Kangan and Dalan Formations in South Pars field [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 71-81]
Cosmic Ray Intensity Solar dynamics and cosmic ray intensity: statistical analysis from 1986 to 2019 [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 59-70]
Coulomb stress Artificial neural networks to model earthquake magnitude and the di-rection of its energy propagation: a case study of Indonesia [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 9-23]
Coulomb stress change Analysis of interaction phenomenon between 11 August 2012 Ahar-Varzaghan double earthquakes and the spatial distribution of aftershocks [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 13-24]
Coulomb Stress Changes Investigating the mechanical interaction among large earthquakes in NW Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 25-44]
Coupling Wave simulations under the effects of geographical complexity over the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 103-120]
COVID-19 Effects of meteorological factors and air pollution on the spread and transmission patterns of COVID-19 in Iran [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 105-123]
Critical latitude The effect of critical latitudes on the waves breaking over the East Mediterranean and West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 119-140]
Cross validation Design and development of groundwater level monitoring network using geostatistical and statistical methods in Arak plain [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 17-29]
CRS Improving seismic image in complex structures by new solving strategies in the CO-CRS and the CO-CDS methods [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 42-56]
CRS Velocity Inversion with an Iterative Normal Incidence Point (NIP) Wave Tomography with Model-Based Common Diffraction Surface (CDS) Stack [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 16-25]
CRU An outlook on the Iranian Köppen-Geiger climate zones in the 21st century [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 84-100]
Crust Variations of the Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio beneath East Iran (Birjand) using P receiver function method [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 124-138]
Crust Evaluation of shear wave velocity anisotropy in the crust of the southern Caspian sea [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 13-29]
Crustal structure Investigation of seismicity and 1D crustal structure in Tabriz region [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Crustal structure Crustal and Sedimentary Basin Structure in Western Alborz and Tarom Ranges, Derived From Autocorrelation of Ambient Seismic Noise [(Articles in Press)]
Crustal velocity ÙØ¯ÙâØ³Ø§Ø²Û ÙÛØ¯Ø§Ù Ø³Ø±Ø¹Øª Ù¾ÙØ³ØªÙ Ø²ÙÛÙ Ø¨Ø§ Ø§Ø³ØªÙØ§Ø¯Ù Ø§Ø² Ø´Ø¨Ú©ÙââÙØ§Û Ø¹ØµØ¨Û ÙØµÙÙØ¹Û ANNsØ¨Ø±Ø±Ø³Ù ÙÙØ±Ø¯Û: Ø´Ø¨Ú©Ù ÚØ¦ÙØ¯ÛÙØ§ÙÛÚ© Ø§ÛØ±Ø§Ù) [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 91-103]
Crustal velocity structure Instrumental Seismology of the Eastern part of the Mosha Fault [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 127-146]
Crust and upper mantel shear wave velocity structure Estimation of the two-dimensional tomography of phase and group velocities and shear wave structure for Alborz region [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 21-36]
CTR Application of the ground penetrating radar for detecting the subsurface cavities-a case study from the Kariz galleries [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 79-94]
Curie depth Spectral Analysis of aeromagnetic data for exploration of geothermal potentials of East Azerbaijan province [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 94-103]
Curie depth A new method to determine geothermal potential sites using satellite magnetic field models [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 33-43]
Curie depth Evaluation of geothermal energy potential of parts of the Middle Be-nue trough Nigeria: aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric approach [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 37-52]
Curie isotherm Geo-morphological mapping of the basin configuration of parts of southern Nupe Basin, Nigeria, using high resolution aeromagnetic and core drill dataset [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 91-110]
Currents and Eddies Numerical modeling of physical properties, currents and eddies in the Southern Caspian Sea [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 69-82]
Curvature attributes Estimation of Source Location Using Curvature Analysis [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 79-92]
Curvilinear coordinates transformation A New Approach for Datum Transformation Based on Ellipsoidal Approximation and Simultaneous Estimation of the Height Correcting Surface Parameters [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 49-61]
CWT Investigation of the application of wavelet transform to Geo-Radar with a case study of forensic geophysics in snow [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 91-110]
Cycle A spectral analysis of Iran's droughts [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 28-47]
Cyclonic wave breaking Comparison of wave breaking over Europe and Mediterranean region: wave activity aspects [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 83-101]

D

Damavand Insights from the 2017 and 2020 Mw ~5 earthquakes around Tehran: Assessing seismicity and physical and social vulnerability [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 111-128]
Damghan earthquake Analysis of the 2010 Damghan earthquake in Central Alborz (Mw 5.7) and fault-plane identification by H.C method [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 15-27]
Data assimilation A case study on the impact of synoptic and upper air data assimilation in WRF output for precipitation over Iran [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 110-119]
Data assimilation Application of data assimilation using WRF model to simulate precipitations caused by synoptic systems in the western regions of Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 101-123]
Data assimilation Impact of assimilation of satellite, prepbufr and GPSro data on wind speed and dust concentration forecasts in WRF-Chem model [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 1-22]
Data assimilation Evaluation of three-dimensional variational assimilation on reducing the sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone GONU simulation to selective domains [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 19-35]
Data assimilation Impact of Assimilation of Radar Data on the Simulation of Squall Line Event [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 63-82]
Database Evaluation of the accuracy of the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) data over Iran [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 95-113]
Data mining Application of machine learning algorithms to estimate solar radiation (case study: arid and semi-arid climate) [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 25-39]
Data Reconstruction Seismic data reconstruction using a multi-step auto-regressive method [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 14-23]
Data Visualization Stress mapping, focal mechanism display and stress tensor inversion in Qeshm Island, Southern Iran [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 53-69]
Data weighting matrix Analysis of the effect of data weighting matrix on the accuracy of electrical resistivity tomography data inversion [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 121-136]
Dating Investigating the effective factors in OSL dating sampling [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 27-46]
Dating, GPS, InSAR, northeast Iran, slip rate Investigation of long- and short-term slip rates of active faults in northeastern Iran [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 191-210]
Datum The change of curvature as an invariant measure for studying height deformation in geodetic control networks [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 116-129]
Dayyer Port Impact of Assimilation of Radar Data on the Simulation of Squall Line Event [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 63-82]
DCB The regional estimates of the GPS satellite and receiver differential code biases [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 31-41]
DCF Projected temperature anomalies and trends in different climate zones in Iran based on CMIP6 [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 35-54]
DC-value Investigation of the seismic parameter b value and the fractal seismicity dimension (Dc value) in relation to the 2017 Sarpol Zahab–Ezgeleh earthquake [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 1-16]
Deconvolution High resolution spectral decomposition and its application in the illumination of low-frequency shadows of a gas reservoir [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 61-68]
Deconvolution Deconvolution of seismic data by applying the Bayes theory [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 17-30]
Deep Learning Porosity estimation of carbonate reservoirs using a hybrid deep neural network model based on well data [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 143-164]
Deep Learning Reduction of the data required for training deep learning models based on clustering of the data and its application in one-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 81-100]
Deep Water Currents 3D Numerical Modelling of Shallow and Deep Water Currents in the Persian Gulf [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 69-85]
Deformation model Estimation of earthquake occurrence rate based on the crust deformation of Iran [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 151-166]
Deformation Monitoring Evaluation of unstable points detection methods in geodetic GNSS-based networks [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 175-192]
Dehloran bitumen 2D modeling of gravity data with the compact inversion method and density variation as a stopping criterion [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 92-108]
De-noising GPR noise reduction by TVD and TVD-EMD [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 71-87]
Denoising Random noise attenuation in seismic data by non-local mean filtering [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1-10]
Density The test of density constancy by gradient tensor for suitable usage of gradient space plot method [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 107-118]
Density Determining the area of reservoir using simultaneous inversion of seismic data [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 45-56]
Depositional Sequence Constrained Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy of Asmari - Kajhdumi interval with well-log Data [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 82-94]
Depth Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of high-resolution gravity data of Ewekoro, Southwest Nigeria using source parameter imaging and Euler deconvolution techniques [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 1-16]
Depth detection Depth detection of magnetic bodies by using the analytic signal derivative [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 52-363]
Depth estimation Depth estimation of gravity anomalies due to regular geometrical shapes using modified Hilbert transform [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 70-80]
Depth estimation Application of space-wavenumber analysis in magnetic exploration [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 81-91]
Depth estimation Location and depth estimation of magnetic anomalies using analytic signals of the magnetic gradient tensor in frequency domain [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Depth estimation Depth, amplitude coefficient and geometrical shape factor estimation of bariteâs ore-body by nonlinearly unconstrained inversion of gravity data [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 60-75]
Depth estimation Depth and shape factor estimation of gravity anomalies with simple geometery using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 1-17]
Depth of investigation (DOI), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), fré Estimating depth of investigation in electrical resistivity tomography Inverse modelling [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 121-136]
Depth to basement Mapping the subsurface structures and contacts using aeromagnetic data (case study: central and northern Egypt) [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 13-25]
Deterministic Approach Evaluation of the Deterministic Seismic Hazard by using Fuzzy Inference System, Case Study: Tabriz city, Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 19-28]
Dielectric Constant Determination of qualitative parameters in pavements using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Dielectric Constant Identification of possible settlements using ground penetrating radar; case study: the intersection of Kargar St. above the Engelab square in Tehran [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 1-10]
Digital Elevation Model Evaluation of daily satellite rainfall product during high dense rainstorm for flood prediction over Iraq [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 45-58]
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) error Impact of DEM uncertainities on direct and indirect topographical effects [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 205-215]
Digital Zenith cameras New approach for vertical deflection determination using digital Zenith cameras [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Dike 2D modeling of magnetic anomaly through feed forward neural network [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 72-83]
Dimensionality Analysis Decomposition analysis of a large magnetotelluric dataset from the Nasr-Abad salt diaper, Central Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 31-52]
Dipole blocking Analysis and Diagnosis of Dipole Blocking in a Case Study [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 35-46]
Direct and indirect topographical effects Impact of DEM uncertainities on direct and indirect topographical effects [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 205-215]
Direction Stress mapping, focal mechanism display and stress tensor inversion in Qeshm Island, Southern Iran [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 53-69]
Directional Derivative Full magnetic tensor gradient survey with MEMS sensor, a case study on the Jafarkhan iron ore deposit [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 81-98]
Direct shear Shear strength parameters evaluation of sand reinforced with EVA based on direct shear test [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 121-139]
Discrete Wavelet transform Random noise attenuation by rational-dilation wavelet transform [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Discrete Wavelet transform Separation and reconstruction of residual and regional gravity sources in wavelet transform domain [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Discretized Adjoint State Method Discretized Adjoint State Time and Frequency Domain Full Waveform Inversion: A Comparative Study [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 26-42]
Dislocation theory Horizontal coordinates change modeling of Earth surface points in ITRF reference frames in the region of Iranian plateau [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 12-32]
Dislocation theory Sensitivity analysis of elastic models of coseismic gravity changes on the surface of Earth’s Crust to input parameters [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 73-94]
Dispersion Crustal structure of the Western Alborz by joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion curve [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 81-94]
Dispersion curve Impact of distribution of seismic ambient noise sources on surface wave characteristics [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 1-14]
Displacement discontinuity Slip rate partitioning among the southern central Alborz active faults by considering mechanical interactions among faults [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 78-95]
Displacement Response Spectrum Constructing a multi-source ground motion data bank: methodology for cleaning and integrating Iran, Turkey, and PEER records [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 81-100]
Distortion A Comparison of impedance invariants and GB decomposition method for magnetotelluric data analysis; A Case study from SW Iran [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 37-52]
Distributed Acoustic Sensing Investigating the Impact of Gauge Length on Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Data and the Processing: A Case Study in the Nevada Region Using the PoroTomo Array Data [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 21-36]
Distributed fault zone Assessment of Surface Fault Rupture Hazard of Short Faults Related to Earthquakes - Tehran [(Articles in Press)]
Distribution of noise sources Impact of distribution of seismic ambient noise sources on surface wave characteristics [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 1-14]
Dixie valley Determination of stress tensor based on Inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms and implementation in Makran region [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 1-19]
Doroh mining index Prospecting the Doroh mining Index using inverse modeling of geophysical data (M, Rs, IP) [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 59-77]
Doruneh fault Determination of the slip rate in the Shesh-Taraz river on the Doruneh fault using histogram and minimum age OSL methods [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 14-29]
Double-Diffusion Simulation of sound propagation in the environment of the salt-fingering structure in the east of the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 105-125]
Downscaling Evaluation of the RegCM regional model in estimating potential evepotranspiration during the past climate and the period of 2021-2035: Case study of Mashhad [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Downscaling Application of multiple linear regression for post-processing of the RegCM4 model outputs in forecasting precipitation [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 19-33]
Downscaling Capability assessment of SDSM model in downscaling of temperature and precipitation in hot and dry climate (case study: Synoptic stations of Yazd and Tabass) [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 104-125]
Downscaling Downscaling daily temperature of three reanalysis databases at a spatial resolution of one kilometer using MODIS sensor data [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 55-74]
Downward continuation Stable downward continuation of potential field data using Thikhoniv regularization for depth estimation of the mining bodies [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 49-66]
Downward continuation Calculation of the downward continuation of the gravity data using iterative and Fourier transform methods [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 105-115]
Downward continuation Truncation Error of Poisson’s Integral in Downward Continuation of Residual Gravity Anomalies [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 88-99]
Drag coefficient Expansion of roughness length parameterization in the ocean surface layer based on measured data [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 107-122]
Drone Application of high spatial resolution optical imageries in active fault investigations: the north Zanjan fault [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 79-106]
Drought A spectral analysis of Iran's droughts [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 28-47]
Drought Overlap of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) periodicities with periodicities of droughts and wet years of Iran [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 91-104]
Drought Investigating drought in Iran using Keetch-Byram drought index (KBDI) and evaluating it with surface soil moisture (SSM) of active microwave sensors [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 233-255]
Drought Duration Evaluation of drought duration risk using annual secular precipitation data in ancient stations of Iran [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 13-23]
Drought Return Period Evaluation of drought duration risk using annual secular precipitation data in ancient stations of Iran [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 13-23]
Drought Risk Evaluation of drought duration risk using annual secular precipitation data in ancient stations of Iran [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 13-23]
Dry Well Analysis A data-driven approach to reservoir characterization: machine learning and seismic Attribute integration in the penobscot field, Nova Scotia basin [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 153-165]
DSI Determination of Lamé parameters and LMR in one of the reservoirs in South of Iran [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 83-93]
DSI Comparison of Castagna’s relation with DSI data for estimation of Vp/VS [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 112-123]
DUEXTTAU Role of the low-level jet in the occurrence of summer dust events in Khuzestan province, southwest Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 17-34]
DUSMASS Role of the low-level jet in the occurrence of summer dust events in Khuzestan province, southwest Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 17-34]
Dust Atmospheric visibility and its affecting factors for the Geophysics Station, Tehran, for years 2001-2011 [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 128-141]
Dust Evaluation of the WRF/Chem aerosol models - a dust episode case study [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 1-18]
Dust Study of the effect of low-level jets on genesis and transport of dust in the west and southwest of Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 1-19]
Dust Role of the low-level jet in the occurrence of summer dust events in Khuzestan province, southwest Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 17-34]
Dust Deposition Seasonal Study of Dust Deposition and Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in Iran Using MERRA-2 Data [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 43-59]
Dust sources Correction and assessment of dust sources in WRF/Chem, caused by wind erosion, over West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 1-24]
Dust Storm Dust storms in west and southwest Iran and their impact on radiation fluxes: A case study [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 75-89]
Dust Storm A statistical–dynamical analysis of severe convective storms in Ahvaz [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 1-17]
Dust Storm Investigating the effect of Madden-Julian Oscillation on the frequency of dust storms in the west of Iran [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 23-37]
Dust Storm Modeling dust storm based on spectral dust indicators and artificial intelligence in Hormozgan province [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 39-57]
Dust storm source, aerosol optical depth (AOD), frequency of occurrence (FoO), MODIS sensor, Iran Identification of dust ssources in Iran based on satellite products [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 73-93]
Dynamic analysis Improved particle swarm optimization for strong ground motion combination [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 161-169]
Dynamic analysis Linear and nonlinear analysis investigation on soil dynamic behavior (Case study: Urmia city, Iran) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 81-95]
Dynamic analysis Three-dimensional seismic response of earth dams subjected to spatially varying earthquake ground motion [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 1-12]
Dynamic coupling Investigation of the relationship between the stratospheric polar vortex and dynamical tropopause structure in the southwest Asia along with two case studies [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 15-32]

E

Eady model The Earth surface and the tropopause wind shear effects on baroclinic instability [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 114-127]
Earth Dam Three-dimensional seismic response of earth dams subjected to spatially varying earthquake ground motion [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 1-12]
Earthquake Identifying fault of Mohammad Abad Rigan 20/12/2010 Earthquake and its focal mechanism using aftershock analyses [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 59-70]
Earthquake The detection of 11th of March 2011 Tohoku's TEC seismo-ionospheric anomalies using the Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) method [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 93-103]
Earthquake Preliminary investigation of the variation of radon concentration in the Jowshan hot spring in the SE of Iran as a precursor for the M 4.9 Shahdad and M 4.3 Sirch earthquakes on May, 2009 [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 30-39]
Earthquake Source parameters of the October 17, 2009 Rey-Tehran Earthquake, Mw 4.3 [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 46-58]
Earthquake Reliability of Seismic Data Recorded by Smartphone Accelerometers for Earthquake Engineering Applications [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 140-156]
Earthquake Seismic vulnerability and sediment thickness assessment using HVSR in Musi Banyuasin district, south Sumatra [(Articles in Press)]
Earthquake cycle Investigating the dynamic behavior of the north Tabriz fault in the interseismic period using physical models of the earthquake cycle in a viscoelastic half-space [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 101-120]
Earthquake description Effects of completing dataset to assess the intensity value concentrating on Ardekul earthquake (10 May 1997), Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 97-108]
Earthquake early warning Eliminating site effects from surface station secords and improving earthquake early warning parameters [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 59-72]
Earthquake Early Warning System Single station estimation of earthquake early warning parameters by using amplitude envelope curve [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 1-10]
Earthquake effect Earthquake effect on the Niayesh tunnel, north of Tehran megacity [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 47-62]
Earthquake focal mechanism Determination of stress tensor based on Inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms and implementation in Makran region [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 1-19]
Earthquake location Locating earthquakes in local network by time reversal method in Rigan region [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Earthquake location Nonlinear versus linear local earthquake location and uncertainty calculation using simulated data [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 127-140]
Earthquake location Improving locations of earthquakes along the Central Alborz, Iran, using waveform cross-correlation-based time delays [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 139-155]
Earthquake Magnitude Single station estimation of earthquake early warning parameters by using amplitude envelope curve [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 1-10]
Earthquake Magnitude Uncertainty estimation in earthquake magnitude determination using high-rate GPS data with Bootstrap method [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 187-203]
Earthquake occurrence rate Estimation of earthquake occurrence rate based on the crust deformation of Iran [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 151-166]
Earthquake prediction Assessing performances of pattern informatics method variants: a comparative analysis in Zagros, Iran [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 65-80]
Earthquake risk analysis Probabilistic seismic risk analysis of Pardis New Town [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 41-57]
Earthquake sequence Impact of an Earthquake Sequence on Sex Ratio at Birth in Sarpol-e Zahab County [(Articles in Press)]
Earthquake simulation Simulation of historical earthquakes on 1st January 958 A.D., Mw = 6.3 and 1st Apr. 1150 A.D., Mw = 6.1 using the aftershocks data of 27 Nov. 2017 with Mw=7.3 by Empirical Green's Function Method [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 93-104]
Earthquakes in Tehran Insights from the 2017 and 2020 Mw ~5 earthquakes around Tehran: Assessing seismicity and physical and social vulnerability [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 111-128]
Earthquake Source Parameters Source and Strong Ground Motion Parameters Estimation of the November 12, 2017, Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah Earthquake Using Recorded Accelerograms of Iran Earthquake Strong Motion Network [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 157-171]
Earthquake vulnerability zoning maps Microtremor HVSR Study of Site Effects in Zanjan City (Iran) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 115-139]
Earth system models Global models for investigation of phytoplankton blooms in the Gulf of Oman and the northwest of Arabian Sea [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 62-74]
East Atlantic/West Russia On the relationship between convective and teleconnection indices over the West Asia [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 1-26]
East-Atlantic/West-Russia oscillation Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the dominant patterns of geopotetial height variability in the Mediterranean region by using empirical orthogonal functions [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 66-77]
East Azerbaijan Spectral Analysis of aeromagnetic data for exploration of geothermal potentials of East Azerbaijan province [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 94-103]
Eastern Alborz Estimation of geometrical spreading and investigation of some dynamic parameters for micro-earthquakes in Eastern Alborz using their spectral contents [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Eastern Iran Variations of the Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio beneath East Iran (Birjand) using P receiver function method [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 124-138]
Eastern Makran Seismic zonation of Makran using Seismotectonic Approach [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 25-48]
East Of Iran Investigation of shear wave velocity model beneath east of Iran from Rayleigh waves tomography [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 161-181]
EA/WR A study of winter temperature anomalies in Iran by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 12-27]
EA–WR The impact of the East Atlantic–West Russia (EA–WR) teleconnection pattern on tropospheric low-frequency variability in Southwest Asia [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 25-39]
ECMWF Introduction and comparison of the performance of two global reanalysis databases in estimating daily maximum, minimum, and average air temperatures (case study: Helleh River basin) [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 53-68]
Edge detection Edge detection of potential field data using Theta maps [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 24-33]
Edge detection Detection of magnetic body boundary in Robat Posht Badam iron ore deposit by potential field derivatives and their spatial and phase (angular) components [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 31-45]
Edge detection A normalized statistics method in edge detection of potential field anomalies [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 46-56]
Edge detection The use of two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform in theboundary estimation of gravity sources [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 55-66]
Edge detection Faults detection in seismic reflection data using Sobel attribute [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 85-96]
Edge detection Edge detection of gravity anomalies by enhanced mathematical morphology filter [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 22-32]
Effective porosity Improving the prediction of reservoir porosity through a combination of iso-frequency component, instantaneous bandwidth and time gain seismic attributes: A case study on an oil field at Persian Gulf [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Effective porosity Effective porosity estimation using multiattribute analysis [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-18]
EGM2008 Evaluation of the EGM2008 and GOCE global geoid models versus the Laplace points in Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 110-122]
Egypt Mapping the subsurface structures and contacts using aeromagnetic data (case study: central and northern Egypt) [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 13-25]
Eigenvalues New Improvement in Interpretation of Gravity Gradient Tensor Data Using Eigenvalues and Invariants: An Application to Blatchford Lake, Northern Canada [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 33-49]
Eikonal Joint inversion of gravity and adjoint-state first arrival tomography [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 215-231]
EKF GRACE satellite pairs and GNSS range observations fusion using unscented Kalman filter (Case study: recovery of simulated gravitational field) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 72-87]
Ekman layer Study of arrested Ekman layer on the bottom of the western coastal areas of the Strait of the Hormuz [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 1-11]
Ekman number Study of arrested Ekman layer on the bottom of the western coastal areas of the Strait of the Hormuz [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 1-11]
Elastic lithosphere Interseismic deformation study on the collision zone of Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates in the Middle-East region using an analytical model [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 89-102]
Elastic moduli Determination of the relation between elastic moduli and gas volume in the reservoir zone of a gas field in South of Iran [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 34-44]
Elastic modulus Estimation of Vp -Vs correlation and determination of elastic modulus for Kangan and Dalan Formations in South Pars field [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 71-81]
Elastic modulus Estimation of elastic moduli based on Pre-stack simultaneous inversion of an oil field in the Persian Gulf [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 89-100]
Elastic properties Application of seismic methods in study of appreciate growth condition and occurrence of gas hydrate in Oman Sea [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 65-78]
Electrical conductivity Electrical resistivity monitoring of rock samples during uniaxial compression test [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 34-41]
Electrical conductivity Three-dimensional Magnetotelluric Modeling of data from Northeast of Gorgan Plain [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 11-20]
Electrical reisitivity tomography Simultaneous estimation of smooth and blocky structures in tomographic inversion of electrical resistivity data [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1-16]
Electrical resistivity Investigation of jointed concrete specimens using compressional wave velocity and resistivity [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 25-35]
Electrical resistivity Electrical resistivity monitoring of rock samples during uniaxial compression test [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 34-41]
Electrical resistivity 3D Modeling of resistivity and IP data for rectangle array using Finite Element Method [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 153-172]
Electrical resistivity Subsurface structural characterization of the Chooman Dam site using geoelectric method [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 22-30]
Electrical resistivity Gravity–Geoelectric joint inversion to recognize the bedrock structure of aquifers (case study: part of Qotrum plain in Iran) [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 67-82]
Electrical resistivity Characterization of leachate flow using time lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) and resistivity survey (case study: geophysical test site of Shahrood University of Technology) [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 125-142]
Electrical resistivity imaging؛ Sensitivity function؛ Finite difference method Fréchet Derivatives calculation for electrical resistivity imaging using forward matrix method [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 153-163]
Electrical resistivity structure, magnetotelluric, salt dome, Shurab, central Iran Geoelectric directionality and regional MT responses in complex geological areas: application to the Nasr-Abad salt dome [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 137-154]
Electrofacies Lithofacies estimation by multi-resolution graph-based clustering of petrophysical well logs: a case study from one of the Persian Gulf’s gas fields, Iran [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 11-30]
Electro-Facies 3D modeling of electro-facies using a geostatistical algorithm [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 129-151]
Electromagnetic Induction Interpretation of electromagnetic induction data using particle swarm optimization method to determine the parameters of conductive sphere as a model of unexploded ordnance [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 231-240]
Electromagnetic Induction Estimation of conductive and non-conductive spherical geometrical parameters as a model of unexploded ordnance with electromagnetic induction data using genetic algorithm [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 67-82]
Electromagnetic induction method Analysis of spheroidal electromagnetic induction response as a model of unexploded ordnance [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 39-53]
Elevation Analysis of the relationship albedo with Elevation, slope, and Aspect in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 241-251]
Elman back propagation Prediction of the multi-level beach cusp spacing using artificial neural networks [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 1-18]
El-Nino A study of the relationship between ENSO and the distribution of annual precipitation in Iran in the period 1971-2000 [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 25-37]
El Niño On the Madden-Julian Oscillations and El Niño-Southern Oscillation connection and their feedback on autumnal precipitation in Fars province, Iran [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 109-126]
EMAP 2D Inversion and interpretation of electromagnetic array profiling (EMAP) data [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 64-78]
Embankment dams Investigation of the most probable critical direction of November 12, 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake records using Monte Carlo simulation [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 63-75]
Empirical Green Function Rupture characteristics of the 2012 earthquake doublet in Ahar-Varzagan region using the Empirical Green Function method [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 81-92]
Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) GPR noise reduction by TVD and TVD-EMD [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 71-87]
Empirical Orthogonal Functions Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the dominant patterns of geopotetial height variability in the Mediterranean region by using empirical orthogonal functions [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 66-77]
Empirical Orthogonal Functions The role of stratospheric circulations in climate anomalies of 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 winters [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 89-104]
Enclosure Reducing environmental noise pollution by improved control methods at power plants (case study: Mazandaran power plant) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 59-67]
Energy transfer Dynamic analysis of the Mediterranean storm track using Rossby wave activity and fluxes [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 31-45]
Enhanced power Geotechnical study around the Khansar dam by enhanced power GPR method [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 15-27]
Ensemble forecasting Evaluation of a WRF model multi-physics ensemble forecasting system for simulation of precipitation over central region of Iran [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 13-38]
Ensemble forecasting Evaluation of Deterministic Wind Speed Forecasting Output of Two Ensemble Post-Processing Methods [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 93-117]
Ensemble forecasting Satellite Based Communication between Land Surface Temperature and Biophysical Variables in the Jazmourian Catchment [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 119-135]
Ensemble model Forecasting of monthly precipitation based on ensemble approach using CFSv2-WRF model over Iran (case study: October 2019 to April 2020) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 129-145]
Ensemble system Assessment of the performance of the ensemble mean of an ensmble forecastiong system developed for the WRF model for weather prediction: A case study over the west part of Iran [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 141-155]
ENSO Individual and coupled effects of the ENSO and PDO on autumnal dry and wet periods in the southern parts of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 92-109]
ENSO A study of the relationship between ENSO and the distribution of annual precipitation in Iran in the period 1971-2000 [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 25-37]
Entropy-TOPSIS A multi‑criteria framework (Entropy–TOPSIS) for selecting optimal CMIP6 model–method combinations for precipitation and temperature bias correction in northeastern Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 131-155]
Envelope Single station estimation of earthquake early warning parameters by using amplitude envelope curve [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 1-10]
Environment Shear strength parameters evaluation of sand reinforced with EVA based on direct shear test [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 121-139]
Environmental pollution Reducing environmental noise pollution by improved control methods at power plants (case study: Mazandaran power plant) [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 59-67]
Epicentral Distance Single station estimation of earthquake early warning parameters by using amplitude envelope curve [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 1-10]
Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity Evaluation of CMIP6 models in estimating temperature in Iran with emphasis on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 39-56]
ERA-5 Accuracy assessment of CFS-v2, MERRA-2, ERA-5 temperature over the different regions of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 1-24]
ERA-5 Evaluation of spatio-temporal accuracy of precipitation estimation of ERA-5 database over Iran [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 27-46]
ERA5 Study of the effect of low-level jets on genesis and transport of dust in the west and southwest of Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 1-19]
ERA5 Performance of pressure-temperature models and reanalysis products for estimating GPS precipitable water vapor [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 119-136]
ERA5 Role of the low-level jet in the occurrence of summer dust events in Khuzestan province, southwest Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 17-34]
ERA5 and FNL border conditions Sensitivity of WRF model in simulating wind zonal and meridional components in Tehran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 207-229]
ERA5 data Correction and assessment of dust sources in WRF/Chem, caused by wind erosion, over West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 1-24]
ERA5 data Searching suitable areas for installing solar panels in Golestan province using observation, ERA5 and GEOS-5 data [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 163-184]
ERA5L Investigating the effect of height difference correction between reanalysis grid points and observation stations on the accuracy of ERA5 2m temperature and pressure data [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 29-45]
ERA5-land Comparison of ERA5-Land reanalysis data with surface observations over Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 195-212]
ERA5-land Evaluation of air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land, AgERA5, and MSWX datasets over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 131-159]
Erosion Edge detection of gravity anomalies by enhanced mathematical morphology filter [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 22-32]
Euler deconvolution The analytic signal and derivatives of the fractional orders for potential fields (applications in processing and interpretation) [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 1-16]
Euler deconvolution Estimation of depth, structural index and location of the magnetic sources by using combined method of AN-EUL [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 70-88]
Euler deconvolution Comparing the results of applying the AN-EUL on magnetic data, reduced to the pole data and pseudo gravity data [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 41-57]
Euler deconvolution Application of the Euler deconvolution of directional analytic signal amplitudes in determination of location and type of gravity anomaly sources [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 33-44]
Eulerian diagnostics The role of stratospheric circulations in climate anomalies of 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 winters [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 89-104]
Euler method Interpretation of gravity data using generalized power spectrum [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 1-12]
Europe A study of winter temperature anomalies in Iran by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 12-27]
EVA Shear strength parameters evaluation of sand reinforced with EVA based on direct shear test [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 121-139]
Exploration Structural deformation analysis of parts of Nigeria's southwestern precambrian basement complex using gradient techniques [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 193-209]
Exploration Exploration and resource evaluations of mineral using modeling and GPR applications: case study in Morocco [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 43-63]
Extended Elastic Impedance Chi angle scan for investigating gas water contact of a Pliocene reservoir in the offshore East Nile Delta, Egypt [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 129-137]
Extended Range Arithmetic (ERA) Comparison of row-wise and column-wise methods in ultra-high degree/order spherical harmonic transforms [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 55-65]
Extensional deformation Investigation of the effect of rheology on the upper plate deformation in subduction systems via numerical simulation: Insight into the Eocene Neothetys subduction in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 171-190]
Extreme activity of Siberian high The Siberian high: changes in strength and its relationship with the Mediterranean cyclones from 1970 to 2020 [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 25-46]
Extreme precipitation Synoptic pattern of extreme precipitation in southwestern Iran during warm season [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 83-104]
Eynali heritage site Analysis of Tectonic Structural Stability and Seismic Response along the Old Ascent Route to the Eynali Natural/Cultural Heritage Site [(Articles in Press)]
Ezgele Evaluation of crustal stress from estimation of b-value based on tectonic regions in the north part of the Zagros in Iran [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 1-23]

F

Factor analysis Synoptic pattern of extreme precipitation in southwestern Iran during warm season [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 83-104]
Fahlian Formation Calculation of the bin size and migration aperture in a 3-D seismic survey design using a linear velocity model: A case study of Ahwaz Oil Field [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 50-61]
Fars province Study of seismotectonic stress regime in Fars Province based on inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms data [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 1-16]
Fars province On the Madden-Julian Oscillations and El Niño-Southern Oscillation connection and their feedback on autumnal precipitation in Fars province, Iran [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 109-126]
Faryab Earthquake Relative moment tensor inversion method using synthetic data and its application to the aftershocks of the Faryab Earthquake on February 28, 2006 (Mw 6.0) [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 51-63]
Fast Sweeping Joint inversion of gravity and adjoint-state first arrival tomography [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 215-231]
Fault Investigation of tectonic lineaments by using magnetic data in Poshtbadam area, Yazd province [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Fault Faults detection in seismic reflection data using Sobel attribute [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 85-96]
Faulting Soil–pipe interaction and p–y response of buried pipelines under normal faulting: a numerical study [(Articles in Press)]
Fault Zone Assessment of Surface Fault Rupture Hazard of Short Faults Related to Earthquakes - Tehran [(Articles in Press)]
FDFD Frequency domain finite-difference wave propagation modeling in 2D acoustic media [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-16]
FD Grid Spacing Assessing the role of bathymetric data resolution and FD grid spacing in numerical tsunami simulation [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 137-151]
Feature Importance Impact of upper-level atmospheric data on the accuracy of predicting different ENSO phases using hybrid machine learning models in the southern provinces of Iran [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 175-199]
Feature selection Feature selection and prediction of Gusty wind with multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) at the airport auto station [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 33-52]
Feature selection The investigation into the impacts of solar wind-magnetosphere interactions on ionospheric electron flux using machine learning [(Articles in Press)]
Features selection Improvement the tropical cyclone forecasting process with effective features selection [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 67-82]
Feed-forward back propagation Prediction of the multi-level beach cusp spacing using artificial neural networks [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 1-18]
Feed forward neural network 2D modeling of magnetic anomaly through feed forward neural network [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 72-83]
FEM Investigating the effect of thermal loading on geothermal piles in stratified soils [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 17-28]
FEMA A comparative study of seismic performance evaluation existing methods EBF systems with intermediate link beam [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 105-118]
FHD Identification of potential hydrocarbon traps using the gravity method in the Bengkulu basin [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 69-83]
Filter Application of wavelet analysis to investigate precipitation variability at western regions of Iran [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 13-30]
Filter The effects of NAO on some meteorological parameters over Middle East and South West Asia [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 51-64]
Filter Edge detection of gravity anomalies by enhanced mathematical morphology filter [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 22-32]
Filtering Separation and reconstruction of residual and regional gravity sources in wavelet transform domain [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Filtering A comparison of Gaussian and Wiener filters to suppress GRACE data errors [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 57-93]
Fin earthquake Focal mechanisms of moderate earthquakes with complex sources [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 111-134]
Fine Particles (PM 2.5) Seasonal Study of Dust Deposition and Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in Iran Using MERRA-2 Data [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 43-59]
Finite difference method Assessing the role of bathymetric data resolution and FD grid spacing in numerical tsunami simulation [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 137-151]
Finite-difference numerical method Three-dimensional seismic response of earth dams subjected to spatially varying earthquake ground motion [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 1-12]
Finite element method 3D Modeling of resistivity and IP data for rectangle array using Finite Element Method [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 153-172]
Finite element method Interpretation of gravity data using the finiteelement method in the Chabahar Plain [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 94-101]
Finite element method (FEM) Identifying excavation damaged zones using2D electrical resistivity tomography modeling [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 42-54]
Firoozkouh city Seismic hazard disaggregation for Firoozkouh city [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 88-102]
Firozabad Kojoor earthquake Simulation of strong ground motion for the 2004 Firozabad Kojoor earthquake in northern Iran [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1-13]
FLAC3D Soil–pipe interaction and p–y response of buried pipelines under normal faulting: a numerical study [(Articles in Press)]
Flood Potential Index Feasibility study of forecasting the flood occurrence using GRACE satellite gravity data in the Karun river basin, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 103-117]
Focal mechanism of earthquakes Investigation of seismicity, morphology and focal mechanism of important earthquakes of Tehran [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 111-134]
Fog, fog concentration, horizontal visibility, Iran, trend analysis of fog Climatology of fog in Iran based on observational data [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 57-84]
Forced neural networks 3D modeling of gravity anomalies using the forced neural networks method [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 77-90]
Forecasting Application of principal component analysis to meteorological data in ANN input selection [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Forecasting Comparing the performance of the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and the combination of ICA with fuzzy logic system in daily precipitation forecasting [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 1-14]
Forecasting Comparison of Multi-Layer Perceptron artificial neural network and Linacre regression model performance for predicting daily minimum temperature (Case study: Kerman, Shiraz, Rasht and Hamedan) [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 107-121]
Forecasting A Novel Algorithm for Wind Forecasting Based on Hidden Markov Model [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 86-106]
Forecasting Feasibility study of forecasting the flood occurrence using GRACE satellite gravity data in the Karun river basin, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 103-117]
Forensic Geophysics Investigation of the application of wavelet transform to Geo-Radar with a case study of forensic geophysics in snow [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 91-110]
Forward Feature Selection (SBS) Feasibility study of Gusty wind prediction using data mining and regression based on the sum of limited field data [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 47-70]
Forward modeling Application of forward modeling and appropriate processing algorithm to locate aqueduct by GPR [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 67-82]
Forward modeling RESIP2DMODE: A MATLAB-Based 2D Resistivity and Induced Polarization Forward Modeling Software [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 60-78]
Fourier Transform Improving Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) forward modeling approach using the numerical finite difference method [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Fractal dimension Seismic distribution in the south of Zagros using the statistical correlation between b-Value and fractal dimension [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 89-107]
Fractional derivatives The analytic signal and derivatives of the fractional orders for potential fields (applications in processing and interpretation) [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 1-16]
Fractured media Rock physics modeling of the effect of petrophysical parameters on seismic wave attenuation due to squirt flow in porous fractured media based on the T-matrix method [(Articles in Press)]
Fracture Index Analysis of fractures using fuzzy logic method [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 62-72]
Fracture mechanics Interseismic deformation study on the collision zone of Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates in the Middle-East region using an analytical model [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 89-102]
Frequency content The Effect of Earthquake Frequency Content on the Stability of Geocell-Reinforced Soils [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 151-169]
Frequency Domain Location and depth estimation of magnetic anomalies using analytic signals of the magnetic gradient tensor in frequency domain [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Frequency Domain Frequency domain finite-difference wave propagation modeling in 2D acoustic media [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-16]
Frequency spectra Estimation of geometrical spreading and investigation of some dynamic parameters for micro-earthquakes in Eastern Alborz using their spectral contents [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Full Magnetic Tensor Gradient Full magnetic tensor gradient survey with MEMS sensor, a case study on the Jafarkhan iron ore deposit [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 81-98]
Fuzzy Clustering Application of Gustafson-Kessel algorithm in finding seismically co-pattern zones, A case study on Meybod city [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 67-77]
Fuzzy inference system Evaluation of the Deterministic Seismic Hazard by using Fuzzy Inference System, Case Study: Tabriz city, Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 19-28]
Fuzzy inference system Utilizing support vector regression for magnetic statistical modeling and using a fuzzy inference system for comprehending the status of subsurface structures [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 99-118]
Fuzzy logic Comparing the performance of the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and the combination of ICA with fuzzy logic system in daily precipitation forecasting [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 1-14]
Fuzzy logic Analysis of fractures using fuzzy logic method [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 62-72]
Fuzzy logic Using the fuzzy inference system to model the ionosphere total electron content in IRAN [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 86-98]
Fuzzy logic Application of Gustafson-Kessel algorithm in finding seismically co-pattern zones, A case study on Meybod city [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 67-77]
Fuzzy System Introduction SeisART software application for seismic facies analysis with combining artificial intelligence and interpreter knowledge [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 64-77]
FVCOM model 3D Numerical Modelling of Shallow and Deep Water Currents in the Persian Gulf [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 69-85]
FWI Discretized Adjoint State Time and Frequency Domain Full Waveform Inversion: A Comparative Study [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 26-42]

G

Gamalama Seismic vulnerability estimation based on shear strain analysis at Mount Gamalama, Indonesia [(Articles in Press)]
Gas hydrates Application of seismic methods in study of appreciate growth condition and occurrence of gas hydrate in Oman Sea [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 65-78]
Gauge Length Investigating the Impact of Gauge Length on Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Data and the Processing: A Case Study in the Nevada Region Using the PoroTomo Array Data [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 21-36]
Gaussian Beam migration Improving seismic image in complex structures by new solving strategies in the CO-CRS and the CO-CDS methods [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 42-56]
Gauss-Newton Simultaneous estimation of smooth and blocky structures in tomographic inversion of electrical resistivity data [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1-16]
GCV method An improvement of 2-D inversion of MT data using automatic selection methods for regularization parameter [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Generalized inversion Application of two-step GIT on source, path and site effects case study: Mw7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab great earthquake on 12 November 2017 [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 1-18]
Generalized Inversion Technique (GIT) Estimation of shear wave quality factor and geometrical spreading applying the generalized inversion technique (GIT) for northern Zagros [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 119-131]
Genetic Stochastic modeling of gravity data for 2D basement reliefs without regularization coefficient [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 101-114]
Genetic algorithm Accelerograms selectionfortime history analyses via clustering by a genetic algorithm compared with K-meansmethod [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Genetic algorithm Investigating the influence of blasting operations at the surge tanks and storage facilities on the underground structures of Gotvand Olya dam [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 51-60]
Genetic Algorithm Estimation of permeability using uncertainty methods: type -2 fuzzy system [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 82-91]
Genetic Algorithm Joint and simultaneous inversion of petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks using parallel niche generic algorithm [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 48-68]
Genetic Algorithm Three-dimensional inversion of gravity data of basement relief of Aman-Abad Plain using Cauchy type integrals [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 1-17]
Genetic Algorithm Evaluation of the groundwater potential of Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria, using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system optimized by three metaheuristic algorithms [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 47-78]
Genetic Algorithm Estimation of conductive and non-conductive spherical geometrical parameters as a model of unexploded ordnance with electromagnetic induction data using genetic algorithm [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 67-82]
Genetic inversion Presenting an integrated strategy for porosity mapping in a genetic-based seismic inversion framework in a heterogeneous reservoir [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 41-65]
Geocell The Effect of Earthquake Frequency Content on the Stability of Geocell-Reinforced Soils [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 151-169]
Geodynamics Theoretical modelling of the coherence and admittance functions [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 45-61]
Geoelectrical Geoelectric investigation and physicochemical analysis of parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria, for groundwater quality assessment [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 167-186]
Geoelectrical surveys Contaminant plume modeling in aquifers through prediction-focused approach and geoelectrical data [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 137-148]
Geohazard A review of Shallow Water Flows (SWF) and evaluation of this prob-lem by 3D seismic data in the South Caspian Basin, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 45-63]
Geoid Determination of a precise quasigeoid using the unification of the vertical datum and the iteration method: A case study for Iran [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Geoid Crustal and lithospheric model of the Alborz, Central Iran and South Caspian Basin, using geoid and topographical data sets [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-11]
Geoid Impact of DEM uncertainities on direct and indirect topographical effects [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 205-215]
Geological Map Spatial reconstruction of geological features distribution based on remote sensing model using convolutional neural network algorithm in Patuha geothermal field, Indonesia [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 85-104]
Geological Structure Identification of subsurface structures in the geothermal manifestation area of mountain pusuk buhit samosir district, north Sumatra province using gravity method [(Articles in Press)]
Geologic Contacts Structural deformation analysis of parts of Nigeria's southwestern precambrian basement complex using gradient techniques [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 193-209]
Geomagnetism Two-Dimensional modeling and compact inversion of magnetic data of Siahlat region along with mask signal approach [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 15-24]
Geometrical spreading Estimation of geometrical spreading and investigation of some dynamic parameters for micro-earthquakes in Eastern Alborz using their spectral contents [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Geometrical spreading Attenuation of Ground-Motion Spectral Amplitudes at short hypocentral distances [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 87-106]
Geometric Characteristics Application of machine learning algorithms to estimate solar radiation (case study: arid and semi-arid climate) [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 25-39]
Geophysical test site of Shahrood University of Technology Characterization of leachate flow using time lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) and resistivity survey (case study: geophysical test site of Shahrood University of Technology) [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 125-142]
Geophysics Application of magnetometery method for exploration of copper gold mineralization in Bashmaq polymetal zone of Hashtrood [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 39-48]
Geophysics Combination of Magnetic and Resistivity methods for determination of the mineralization extension in Moeil Iron ore, Meshkin-Shahr [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 119-127]
Geophysics Geoelectrical Characterization of the Peat Soil at Klias Peninsula, Beaufort, Sabah (Malaysia) [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 27-44]
Geopolymer-stabilized clay soil Metaheuristic-optimized machine learning models for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of geopolymer-stabilized clay soils [(Articles in Press)]
Geopotential Height The impact of the East Atlantic–West Russia (EA–WR) teleconnection pattern on tropospheric low-frequency variability in Southwest Asia [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 25-39]
Geopotential Height The impact of rapid Arctic warming on weather patterns in West Asia [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 99-116]
Geopotential Height Impact of the solar cycle on the stratosphere and its modulation by the quasi-biennial oscillation [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 1-20]
GEOS-5 data Searching suitable areas for installing solar panels in Golestan province using observation, ERA5 and GEOS-5 data [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 163-184]
Geostatistic Evaluating the efficiency of spatial geostatistical methods for identifying the spatial patterns of precipitation: a case study of Namak lake watershed [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 89-110]
Geostatistical simulation 3D Acoustic impedance modeling using turning bands simulation method in an oil field in SW of Iran [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 125-143]
Geostatistics Analysis of improvement of porosity estimation by combining geostatistical methods and multiattribute transforms [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 95-106]
Geotechnical Information Application of 2D inversion of apparent resistivity and RQD data in identification of granite massif quality [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1-17]
Geothermal A study on the geothermal reservoirs in Mahallat area, Markazi Province by 1D and 2D inversion of the magnetotelluric data [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 10-25]
Geothermal Spectral Analysis of aeromagnetic data for exploration of geothermal potentials of East Azerbaijan province [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 94-103]
Geothermal Identification of subsurface structures and potential reservoir zones of geothermal filds based on gravitr data analysis in the Karaha-Cakrana area, west Java [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 63-76]
Geothermal Spatial reconstruction of geological features distribution based on remote sensing model using convolutional neural network algorithm in Patuha geothermal field, Indonesia [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 85-104]
Geothermal Identification of subsurface structures in the geothermal manifestation area of mountain pusuk buhit samosir district, north Sumatra province using gravity method [(Articles in Press)]
Geothermal Energy Evaluation of geothermal energy potential of parts of the Middle Be-nue trough Nigeria: aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric approach [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 37-52]
Geothermal energy pile Investigating the effect of thermal loading on geothermal piles in stratified soils [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 17-28]
Geothermal Exploration Upveiling subsurface structures of the Sarulla geothermal field of north Sumatera through satellite -based gravity modeling [(Articles in Press)]
Geothermal heat flux A new method to determine geothermal potential sites using satellite magnetic field models [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 33-43]
GGMplus Identification of subsurface structures and potential reservoir zones of geothermal filds based on gravitr data analysis in the Karaha-Cakrana area, west Java [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 63-76]
GIS Assessment of GIS ability in zonation of the seasonal and annual distribution of total solar radiation (Case study: Central provinces of Iran) [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
GIS Landslide susceptibility mapping of Chilas area along Karakorum highway, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 69-84]
GIS Determining the optimum drilling sites for groundwater wells based on the hydro-geoelectrical parameters and weighted overlay approach via GIS in Salah Al-Din area, central Iraq [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 153-163]
Global Climate Model Capability assessment of SDSM model in downscaling of temperature and precipitation in hot and dry climate (case study: Synoptic stations of Yazd and Tabass) [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 104-125]
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Comparison of precise point positioning method using online services and open-source software [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 127-137]
Global Positioning System Regional and optimal estimation of total electron content using pseudorange observations [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 54-66]
Global Solar Radiation Evaluation of the performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting the daily global solar radiation and comparison with results from the Angström model (case study: Tabriz synoptic station) [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 30-41]
Global warming The geometrical structure of the upper-tropospheric African–Asian jet and its response to global warming in the CMIP5 Models [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 1-21]
Global warming Projected changes in winter-time storm trcaks over Atlantic-Mediterranian-Southwest Asia using the MPI-ESM-LR model for RCP8.5 scenario in CMIP5 [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 1-18]
Global warming Evaluation of CO2 column concentration of WRF-GHG and TM3 models with GOSAT satellite data over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 53-66]
Global warming Changes in the snow cycle in the northern hemisphere: a multimodel analysis of global warming scenarios and climate engineering [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 181-200]
GNSS Evaluation of unstable points detection methods in geodetic GNSS-based networks [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 175-192]
GOCE Evaluation of the EGM2008 and GOCE global geoid models versus the Laplace points in Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 110-122]
GOCE satellite IOSVRM method for earth gravity field estimation using GOCE satel-lite gravimetric observations and comparison with Tikhonov and TSVD methods [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 141-152]
Goethite Combination of Magnetic and Resistivity methods for determination of the mineralization extension in Moeil Iron ore, Meshkin-Shahr [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 119-127]
Goharan earthquake Identifying causative fault of 11th May 2013 Goharan Earthquake using relocation of aftershocks and focal mechanisms [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 54-67]
Golestan Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and disaggregation of seismic hazard in golestan and adjacent areas [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 143-159]
Golestan province Searching suitable areas for installing solar panels in Golestan province using observation, ERA5 and GEOS-5 data [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 163-184]
Gol-Gohar Interpretation of potential field anomalies using source parameter imaging method (SPI) [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 25-40]
Gol-Gohar anomaly Investigation of the relationship between upward continued potential fields and depth of the causative bodies: a case study from Gol-Gohar Iron ore mine [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1-12]
Gonu Evaluation of three-dimensional variational assimilation on reducing the sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone GONU simulation to selective domains [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 19-35]
Gonu cyclone Synoptic analysis of tropical cyclone Gonu and its impact in the Southeast of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Gorgan Basin Prediction of reservoir porosity distribution from seismic attributes using NEFPROX neuro-fuzzy model in the Gorgan Basin [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-15]
GOSAT Satellite Evaluation of CO2 column concentration of WRF-GHG and TM3 models with GOSAT satellite data over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 53-66]
Gotvand Dam The effects of Gotvand Dam construction on climatic parameters of temperature, humidity and precipitation [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 105-117]
Gotvand Olya dam Numerical and field analysis of wave propagation and cracks caused by presplit blasting in conglomerate rock mass at Gotvand Olya dam [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 49-65]
Gotvand Olya dam Numerical analysis for effects of single blast hole in mudstone rock-mass at Gotvand Olya dam [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 56-72]
Gowk Fault Sensitivity Analysis of Seismic Hazard for the Gowk Fault to Variations in Slip Rate and Site Distance [(Articles in Press)]
GPCC Evaluation of the accuracy of the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) data over Iran [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 95-113]
GPCC An outlook on the Iranian Köppen-Geiger climate zones in the 21st century [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 84-100]
GPM constellation satellites Evaluation of GPM precipitation products and mapping soil moisture using SMAP data in the northwest of Iran [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 70-86]
GPR Application of forward modeling and appropriate processing algorithm to locate aqueduct by GPR [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 67-82]
GPR Geotechnical study around the Khansar dam by enhanced power GPR method [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 15-27]
GPR Investigation of the application of wavelet transform to Geo-Radar with a case study of forensic geophysics in snow [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 91-110]
GPR Investigation of landslide situation along the path of gas pipelines in Imamzadeh Hashem-Rudehen area of Tehran province, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 18-29]
GPR Application of the ground penetrating radar for detecting the subsurface cavities-a case study from the Kariz galleries [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 79-94]
GPR Subsurface Stratigraphic Imaging and Geotechnical Characterization of a Heritage Structure in Baghdad Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) [(Articles in Press)]
GPR antenna The effect of antenna central frequency and application of advanced processing in locating buried urban utilities by GPR method [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 93-106]
GPS Slip rate partitioning among the southern central Alborz active faults by considering mechanical interactions among faults [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 78-95]
GPS The regional estimates of the GPS satellite and receiver differential code biases [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 31-41]
GPS Using the fuzzy inference system to model the ionosphere total electron content in IRAN [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 86-98]
GPS Constraint on the active tectonics of the Alborz (Iran) using geodetic data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 55-76]
GPS/Leveling Comparison of the geodetic height correcting surface determination methods: A case study for Tehran [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 40-52]
GPS observation Slip rate partitioning in the North Tabriz fault using permanent and campaign GPS observables [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 83-102]
GPS PWV Performance of pressure-temperature models and reanalysis products for estimating GPS precipitable water vapor [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 119-136]
GPS RO profiles Evaluation of GPS RO derived precipitable water vapor against ground-based GPS observations over Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 85-100]
GPS velocity field Horizontal coordinates change modeling of Earth surface points in ITRF reference frames in the region of Iranian plateau [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 12-32]
GPS velocity field Interseismic deformation study on the collision zone of Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates in the Middle-East region using an analytical model [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 89-102]
GPS velocity field Investigating the dynamic behavior of the north Tabriz fault in the interseismic period using physical models of the earthquake cycle in a viscoelastic half-space [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 101-120]
GPT2w Performance of pressure-temperature models and reanalysis products for estimating GPS precipitable water vapor [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 119-136]
GPT3 Performance of pressure-temperature models and reanalysis products for estimating GPS precipitable water vapor [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 119-136]
Grace A comparison of Gaussian and Wiener filters to suppress GRACE data errors [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 57-93]
Grace Wavelet analysis of GRACE K-band range rate measurements related to Urmia Basin [Volume 11, Issue 5, 2017-18, Pages 43-54]
Grace Calibration of the accelerometers on board GRACE satellites using discrete wavelet transform [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 29-36]
Grace Feasibility study of forecasting the flood occurrence using GRACE satellite gravity data in the Karun river basin, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 103-117]
GRACE satellites GRACE satellite pairs and GNSS range observations fusion using unscented Kalman filter (Case study: recovery of simulated gravitational field) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 72-87]
Gradient boosting Forecasting the average monthly rainfall in the northwest of Iran using teleconnections and machine learning [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 77-90]
Gradient boosting tree(GBT) A pattern recognition approach to reservoir modeling: comparative performance of CNN and gradient boosting in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs [(Articles in Press)]
Gradient of texture Identification and modeling of salt dome in seismic data using three-dimensional texture gradient [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 19-33]
Gradient space plot The test of density constancy by gradient tensor for suitable usage of gradient space plot method [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 107-118]
Granite Application of 2D inversion of apparent resistivity and RQD data in identification of granite massif quality [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1-17]
Gravimetric geoid Evaluation of the EGM2008 and GOCE global geoid models versus the Laplace points in Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 110-122]
Gravitational field A comparison of Gaussian and Wiener filters to suppress GRACE data errors [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 57-93]
Gravitational field GRACE satellite pairs and GNSS range observations fusion using unscented Kalman filter (Case study: recovery of simulated gravitational field) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 72-87]
Gravitational Search Algorithm Estimation of permeability using uncertainty methods: type -2 fuzzy system [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 82-91]
Gravity Two-dimentional inversion of gravity data by defining primary points or strikes of an underground anomaly [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Gravity The test of density constancy by gradient tensor for suitable usage of gradient space plot method [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 107-118]
Gravity A normalized statistics method in edge detection of potential field anomalies [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 46-56]
Gravity The use of vertical derivative filter with different orders in interpretation of potential fields anomalies [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 39-49]
Gravity Rayleigh wave group velocity modeling using Simulated Annealing algorithm and gravity data inversion to estimate the variations of Moho depth, shear wave velocity and density structure of the crust and upper mantle in Makran region [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 31-47]
Gravity Gravity–Geoelectric joint inversion to recognize the bedrock structure of aquifers (case study: part of Qotrum plain in Iran) [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 67-82]
Gravity Stochastic modeling of gravity data for 2D basement reliefs without regularization coefficient [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 101-114]
Gravity 3D smooth inversion of gravity data and estimation of optimum regularization parameter by unbiased predictive risk estimator (UPRE) method, case study: San Nicolas Sulfide Deposit, Mexico [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 183-194]
Gravity Theoretical modelling of the coherence and admittance functions [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 45-61]
Gravity Joint inversion of gravity and adjoint-state first arrival tomography [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 215-231]
Gravity Identification of potential hydrocarbon traps using the gravity method in the Bengkulu basin [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 69-83]
Gravity Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of high-resolution gravity data of Ewekoro, Southwest Nigeria using source parameter imaging and Euler deconvolution techniques [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 1-16]
Gravity Anomalies Evaluation of the statistical and spatial correlation between seismicity parameters and Bouguer anomaly in Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 1-17]
Gravity current Numerical solution of incompressible Boussinesq equations using sixth-order combined compact scheme [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 53-65]
Gravity current Implementation of the fourth-order compact scheme for numerical simulation of bottom gravity current over a slope [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 58-71]
Gravity Derivative Analysis Upveiling subsurface structures of the Sarulla geothermal field of north Sumatera through satellite -based gravity modeling [(Articles in Press)]
Gravity interpretation The nonlinear modelling ofÂ gravity data using estimated depths from all s-values for each shape factor [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Gravity interpretation Depth and shape factor estimation of gravity anomalies with simple geometery using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 1-17]
Gravity Method Identification of subsurface structures and potential reservoir zones of geothermal filds based on gravitr data analysis in the Karaha-Cakrana area, west Java [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 63-76]
Gravity Method Identification of subsurface structures in the geothermal manifestation area of mountain pusuk buhit samosir district, north Sumatra province using gravity method [(Articles in Press)]
Greater Tunb island The physical properties of the deep trench of the south of Greater Tunb island [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 61-73]
Green’s Functions Present-day crustal deformation in Alborz region based on GPS velocity field and spline functions [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 175-197]
Grey wolf optimization algorithm Using the grey wolf optimization algorithm for estimating parameters of buried geometric objects with gravity data: A case study - Humble salt dome [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 59-77]
Gridded Database Evaluation of spatio-temporal accuracy of precipitation estimation of ERA-5 database over Iran [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 27-46]
GRM method Improving the results of CMP-Refraction method by using GRM method [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 124-140]
Ground-based GPS Evaluation of GPS RO derived precipitable water vapor against ground-based GPS observations over Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 85-100]
Ground motion selection Estimation of Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS) in Zagros, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 21-31]
Ground Penetrating Radar Investigating and processing of ground penetrating radar (GPR) sections in order to identify high-risk areas of subsidence and sinkholes in the alluvial sedimentary plain of Abarkooh, Yazd [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 127-138]
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Determination of qualitative parameters in pavements using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Acquisition, processing and interpretation of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data for recognition of subsurface sediments in southeast of the Caspian Sea [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 118-135]
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Detection of subsurface installations and analysis of GPR pulse characteristics [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 117-133]
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) A comparison between the results of ground penetrating radar and magnetic surveys in near surface investigations: A case study [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 76-86]
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) GPR noise reduction by TVD and TVD-EMD [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 71-87]
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Characterization of leachate flow using time lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) and resistivity survey (case study: geophysical test site of Shahrood University of Technology) [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 125-142]
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Identification of possible settlements using ground penetrating radar; case study: the intersection of Kargar St. above the Engelab square in Tehran [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 1-10]
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) Exploration and resource evaluations of mineral using modeling and GPR applications: case study in Morocco [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 43-63]
Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) Improving Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) forward modeling approach using the numerical finite difference method [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Ground Shear Strain Soil Surface Modeling Analysis Using the HVSR Microtremor Method for Permanent Housing Development Plans in Mendala Village, Brebes Regency, Central Java [(Articles in Press)]
Groundwater Assessment of Land Subsidence Using Radar Interferometry in the Sahneh, Kangavar, Chamchamal, Mianrahan, and Sonqor Plains and Its Relationship with Groundwater Resources [(Articles in Press)]
Groundwater potential Evaluation of the groundwater potential of Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria, using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system optimized by three metaheuristic algorithms [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 47-78]
Group velocity Two-Dimensional Rayleigh wave tomography for crust and uppermost mantle of Kopeh-Dagh (IRAN) [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 25-38]
Group velocity Estimation of shallow sediment structure of Tehran Basin by using surface wave Love dispersion curves [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 68-81]
Group velocity Crustal structure of NW Iran investigated by Love waves dispersion curve tomography [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 53-69]
Guilan The assessment of the influence of ground clutter on incorrect reflectivity appearance in Guilan meteorological radar products [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 114-127]
Gusty wind Feature selection and prediction of Gusty wind with multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) at the airport auto station [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 33-52]
Gusty wind Feasibility study of Gusty wind prediction using data mining and regression based on the sum of limited field data [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 47-70]
Gutenberg-Richter relationship Assessment of the Seismic Potential of the Mosha-Fasham Fault Based on Variations in Seismicity Parameters [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 201-220]
GXZ & GZZ The test of density constancy by gradient tensor for suitable usage of gradient space plot method [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 107-118]

H

Hadamard transform Application of Hadamard Transform for reservoir lithofacies discrimination [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1-11]
HADCM3 Model Capability assessment of SDSM model in downscaling of temperature and precipitation in hot and dry climate (case study: Synoptic stations of Yazd and Tabass) [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 104-125]
Handun fault North-West Bandar-Abbas earthquake doublet (Mw 6.1, 6.4) and its source identification [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 89-103]
Harmonic constituents Evaluation and comparison of tidal analysis and predicting methods of Mike 21 software [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 1-20]
HARMONIE Inter-comparison of HARMONIE and WRF model simulations in convective-permitting scale over western area of Iran [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 1-18]
Hazard analysis Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis for North Tabriz fault [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 73-89]
Hazard analysis Constraint on the active tectonics of the Alborz (Iran) using geodetic data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 55-76]
Hazard Saturation Sensitivity Analysis of Seismic Hazard for the Gowk Fault to Variations in Slip Rate and Site Distance [(Articles in Press)]
Heat flow distribution Development of temperature and heat flow distribution model for a multi-layer depth section by taking heat production and thermal conductivity parameters into account [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 145-154]
Heat production Development of temperature and heat flow distribution model for a multi-layer depth section by taking heat production and thermal conductivity parameters into account [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 145-154]
Heat stress Projected heat stress in Iran based on CMIP6 multi-model ensemble [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 157-173]
Helicity A study of helicity and helicity flux in the Gonu tropical storm [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 97-115]
Helleh River basin Introduction and comparison of the performance of two global reanalysis databases in estimating daily maximum, minimum, and average air temperatures (case study: Helleh River basin) [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 53-68]
Heritage Structures Subsurface Stratigraphic Imaging and Geotechnical Characterization of a Heritage Structure in Baghdad Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) [(Articles in Press)]
Hidden Fault Investigation of seismicity and 1D crustal structure in Tabriz region [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Hidden Markov Model A Novel Algorithm for Wind Forecasting Based on Hidden Markov Model [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 86-106]
High-Density Polyethylene Soil–pipe interaction and p–y response of buried pipelines under normal faulting: a numerical study [(Articles in Press)]
High- rate GPS Uncertainty estimation in earthquake magnitude determination using high-rate GPS data with Bootstrap method [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 187-203]
High-voltage power grids, electromagnetic noise, pure noise, Marmousi II model, synthetic model Evaluating the effectiveness of the pure noise method for electromagnetic noise removal: utilizing a synthetic model [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 147-161]
Hiking route Analysis of Tectonic Structural Stability and Seismic Response along the Old Ascent Route to the Eynali Natural/Cultural Heritage Site [(Articles in Press)]
Hilbert transforms Determination of parameters of self-potential anomalies using Hilbert transform method [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 26-34]
Hinode/Xrt Kink transverse displacements in solar loops by a thin cylindrical model [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 75-94]
Historical earthquake Simulation of historical earthquakes on 1st January 958 A.D., Mw = 6.3 and 1st Apr. 1150 A.D., Mw = 6.1 using the aftershocks data of 27 Nov. 2017 with Mw=7.3 by Empirical Green's Function Method [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 93-104]
History Great Wall of Gorgan: OSL dating of part of the wall [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 45-59]
Hormozgan province Costal classification of Hormozgan Province using experimental methods [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 63-75]
Hormuzgan region Estimation of the quality factor of shear waves and Coda waves in the Hormuzgan region of southern Iran [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 111-131]
Humidity source Determination of humidity sources and accurate trajectory of moist air mass effective on heavy rainfalls in west and south of Iran (case study: flooding events of October and November 2015) [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 50-63]
Hurmoz Strait Wave simulations under the effects of geographical complexity over the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 103-120]
HVSR Seismic vulnerability and sediment thickness assessment using HVSR in Musi Banyuasin district, south Sumatra [(Articles in Press)]
HVSR Seismic vulnerability estimation based on shear strain analysis at Mount Gamalama, Indonesia [(Articles in Press)]
HVSR Soil Surface Modeling Analysis Using the HVSR Microtremor Method for Permanent Housing Development Plans in Mendala Village, Brebes Regency, Central Java [(Articles in Press)]
HVSR Vs and Vp/Vs Characterization Using Single-Station Microtremor for Permanent Housing Relocation Planning in Mendala Village, Central Java, Indonesia [(Articles in Press)]
Hybrid Model Porosity estimation of carbonate reservoirs using a hybrid deep neural network model based on well data [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 143-164]
Hybrid models Impact of upper-level atmospheric data on the accuracy of predicting different ENSO phases using hybrid machine learning models in the southern provinces of Iran [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 175-199]
Hydrocarbon Evaluation A data-driven approach to reservoir characterization: machine learning and seismic Attribute integration in the penobscot field, Nova Scotia basin [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 153-165]
Hydrocarbon indicators Formation evaluation of middle Miocene reservoirs via petrophysical analysis of well logging data; case study from Southern part of Gulf of Suez, Egypt [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 39-57]
Hydrocarbon prospecting Mapping the shallow-to-deep subsurface structural elements to determine the thermal region and hydrocarbon potential of Gongola basin, NE Nigeria [(Articles in Press)]
Hydrodynamic model Evaluation and comparison of tidal analysis and predicting methods of Mike 21 software [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 1-20]
Hydrodynamics The 2D numerical simulation of fine-grained marine sediment transport in the channel of the Bushehr Port [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 119-130]
Hydro-geoelectrical parameters Determining the optimum drilling sites for groundwater wells based on the hydro-geoelectrical parameters and weighted overlay approach via GIS in Salah Al-Din area, central Iraq [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 153-163]
Hydro-geophysical Modeling Coupled hydrogeophysical finite-element modeling of subsurface flow and ion diffusion for porphyry copper exploration [(Articles in Press)]
Hydro-geophysical parameters Quantitative investigation of effective parameters on resolution and penetration depth of magnetic resonance sounding data using singular value decomposition of forward function [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 11-33]
Hydrology Haditha region hydrological aspects extraction using remote sensing and GIS techniques [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 65-75]
Hydrometeors Classification of hydrometeors using microwave brightness temperature data from AMSU-B over Iran [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 24-39]
HYSPLIT Simulation of atmospheric dispersion and dose assessment by a coupled WRF-HYSPLIT model for Bushehr power plant [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 19-50]
HYSPLIT model Determining Target and Control Areas in Operational Cloud Seeding Programs over Iran by Dispersion Simulation of Seeding Materials Using HYSPLIT Model [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 1-30]
HYSPLIT model Investigating the effect of Madden-Julian Oscillation on the frequency of dust storms in the west of Iran [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 23-37]

I

IGRF Subsurface lithological interpretation of the landslide-prone Cipendawa area, Cianjur (Indonesia), using 2D and 3D inversion of aeromagnetic data [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 25-42]
Ill-posed problem Nonlinear travel-time cross-hole tomography with overlapping group sparse total variation regularization [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 71-83]
Image filtering Geological noise removal in geophysical magnetic survey to detect unexploded ordnance based on image filtering [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 11-23]
Imam zadeh Hashem Investigation of landslide situation along the path of gas pipelines in Imamzadeh Hashem-Rudehen area of Tehran province, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 18-29]
Impedance tensor A simple form of MT impedance tensor analysis to simplify its decomposition to remove the effects of near surface small-scale 3-D conductivity structures [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 40-56]
India A study of the impact of Indian Monsoon on summer climate of Iran [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Indian Ocean A synoptic-scale analysis of the episodes with and without precipitation in the southwest of Iran during the phase 1 of the MJO [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 73-87]
Indian Ocean Climatological study of the ITCZ location in the Indian ocean region for the period 1983-2023 [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 77-94]
Indian Ocean dipole On the relationship between convective and teleconnection indices over the West Asia [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 1-26]
Induced Polarization Prospecting the Doroh mining Index using inverse modeling of geophysical data (M, Rs, IP) [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 59-77]
Induced Polarization 3D Modeling of resistivity and IP data for rectangle array using Finite Element Method [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 153-172]
Induced Polarization Geoelectrical Characterization of the Peat Soil at Klias Peninsula, Beaufort, Sabah (Malaysia) [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 27-44]
Induced Polarization Investigation of landslide situation along the path of gas pipelines in Imamzadeh Hashem-Rudehen area of Tehran province, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 18-29]
Induced stress, Rudbar dam, water pressure, induced earthquake, Coulomb criterion Investigation of stress and induced earthquakes by the Rudbar dam in Lorestan [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 163-189]
Inertia&ndash Application of convolutional neural network for source parameterization of inertia–gravity waves at lower stratosphere [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 95-117]
Inertia–gravity waves Uncertainties in the determination of inertia–gravity waves in a case study over Iran [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 13-32]
Inertia–gravity waves Sensitivity of the inertia–gravity waves generation to the degree of baroclinicty [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 109-123]
Inflation Interseismic deformation study using InSAR time series resolution in the Shahdad area, Kerman (the precursors for the 1396 Hojedk earthquake triplet) [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 95-114]
In-homogeneity Exploratory Analysis and Detection of In-homogeneities in Temperature and Precipitation Series of Meteorological Stations in Iran (Period 1959-2018) [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 213-233]
Initial/Boundary conditions Sensitivity of the WRF model surface wind simulations to initial conditions and planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes (case study: over Persian Gulf) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 14-31]
Initialization Effects of various digital filter initialization methods on results of weather research and forecasting (WRF) model [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 16-33]
Input selection Application of principal component analysis to meteorological data in ANN input selection [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
InSAR Studying post-seismic deformation 2010 Mw 6.5 Rigan earthquake in SW Iran using InSAR [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 96-108]
InSAR Detection of Debris Landslides Induced by the 2021 Bandar Abbas Doublet Earthquakes Using InSAR and RGB Color Composite [(Articles in Press)]
InSAR Coseismic Deformation Mapping of the 2020 Karakanja Earthquake in Tajikistan Using InSAR Observations [(Articles in Press)]
InSAR time series Interseismic deformation study using InSAR time series resolution in the Shahdad area, Kerman (the precursors for the 1396 Hojedk earthquake triplet) [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 95-114]
Instability indices Recognition of patterns and synoptic analysis of rainstorm in western Iran based on thermodynamic instability indices: A case study of Ah-vaz [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 101-112]
Instantaneous optimization Sparsity based short-time Fourier transform and applications in thin bed characterization [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 36-48]
Integrated Vapor Transport Determination of humidity sources and accurate trajectory of moist air mass effective on heavy rainfalls in west and south of Iran (case study: flooding events of October and November 2015) [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 50-63]
Intensity value Effects of completing dataset to assess the intensity value concentrating on Ardekul earthquake (10 May 1997), Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 97-108]
Interaction Individual and coupled effects of the ENSO and PDO on autumnal dry and wet periods in the southern parts of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 92-109]
Interaction between MJO and NAO Statistical-dynamical analysis of the mutual effects of NAO and MJO [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 64-80]
Internal climate variability Evaluation of CMIP6 models in estimating temperature in Iran with emphasis on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 39-56]
Interplanetary magnetic field Analyzing the relationship between solar magnetic polarity, solar wind velocity, and vertical magnetic field (Bz) [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 77-86]
Interpolation Comparison of the geodetic height correcting surface determination methods: A case study for Tehran [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 40-52]
Interpolation Seismic data reconstruction using a multi-step auto-regressive method [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 14-23]
Interpolation The monotone piecewise cubic Hermit interpolation and its application to coordinate transformation in numerical weather prediction models [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 21-38]
Interpolation Present-day crustal deformation in Alborz region based on GPS velocity field and spline functions [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 175-197]
Interseismic creep Investigating the dynamic behavior of the north Tabriz fault in the interseismic period using physical models of the earthquake cycle in a viscoelastic half-space [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 101-120]
Intertropical Convergence Zone Climatological study of the ITCZ location in the Indian ocean region for the period 1983-2023 [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 77-94]
Inverse modeling Quantitative investigation of effective parameters on resolution and penetration depth of magnetic resonance sounding data using singular value decomposition of forward function [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 11-33]
Inverse modeling Using the grey wolf optimization algorithm for estimating parameters of buried geometric objects with gravity data: A case study - Humble salt dome [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 59-77]
Inversion Two-Dimensional modeling and compact inversion of magnetic data of Siahlat region along with mask signal approach [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 15-24]
Inversion A study on the geothermal reservoirs in Mahallat area, Markazi Province by 1D and 2D inversion of the magnetotelluric data [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 10-25]
Inversion Porosity estimation of pore volume in one of the Persian Gulfâs hydrocarbon fields use multi-attribute analyses [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Inversion Determination of the boundaries of Sabalan geothermal reservoirs using 1D and 2D inversion of the magnetotelluric data [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 104-117]
Inversion Imaging OjatAbad iron ore using magnetic data [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 61-72]
Inversion Inversion of spectral induced polarization data for Cole–Cole parameters using simulated annealing algorithm [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 78-92]
Inversion 2D modeling and inversion of magnetic data of Shahmirzad region located on Semnan province for depth and shape determination of iron-ore [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 72-82]
Inversion Non-linear inversion of magnetic data using Gradient subspace method [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 13-31]
Inversion Joint and simultaneous inversion of petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks using parallel niche generic algorithm [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 48-68]
Inversion Velocity Inversion with an Iterative Normal Incidence Point (NIP) Wave Tomography with Model-Based Common Diffraction Surface (CDS) Stack [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 16-25]
Inversion Stress field variations in the Zagros-Makran transition zone by using earthquake focal mechanism stress tensor inversion [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 1-13]
Inversion Stochastic modeling of gravity data for 2D basement reliefs without regularization coefficient [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 101-114]
Inversion Study of landslide potential in Chaybagh region with 2D electrical resistivity tomography method [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 223-237]
Inversion Reduction of the data required for training deep learning models based on clustering of the data and its application in one-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 81-100]
Inversion Application of 2D inversion of apparent resistivity and RQD data in identification of granite massif quality [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1-17]
Inversion tectonics Polyphase Inversion Tectonics in Western Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 79-88]
Iodine exploration Three-dimensional Magnetotelluric Modeling of data from Northeast of Gorgan Plain [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 11-20]
Ion diffusion Coupled hydrogeophysical finite-element modeling of subsurface flow and ion diffusion for porphyry copper exploration [(Articles in Press)]
Ionosphere The detection of 11th of March 2011 Tohoku's TEC seismo-ionospheric anomalies using the Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) method [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 93-103]
Ionosphere Validation of IRI-2007 ionospheric model predictions over the Tehran area during a low solar activity period using data of ionospheric station of the Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 16-27]
Ionosphere Diurnal and seasonal variation of the total electron content and peak height of the F2-ionospheric layer (hmF2) over the Tehran area and comparisons with IRI-2007 model predictions [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 28-37]
Ionosphere Using the fuzzy inference system to model the ionosphere total electron content in IRAN [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 86-98]
Ionosphere The investigation into the impacts of solar wind-magnetosphere interactions on ionospheric electron flux using machine learning [(Articles in Press)]
IPCC AR4 Projection of temperature and precipitation for 2020-2100 using post-processing of general circulation models output and artificial neu-ral network approach, case study: Tehran and Alborz provinces [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 123-140]
IPCC AR4 Multi-model weighting approach for future projections of solar radiation, temperature and precipitation under global warming effect in Tehran, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 19-35]
IPI2WIN Geoelectric investigation and physicochemical analysis of parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria, for groundwater quality assessment [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 167-186]
Iran Introducing the TRMM and Asfezariprecipitation database: A comparative study [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Iran A study of the impact of Indian Monsoon on summer climate of Iran [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Iran Identification of homogeneous precipitation sub-regions for Iran using principal component analysis [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 128-144]
Iran Evaluation of the accuracy of the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) data over Iran [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 95-113]
Iran A synoptic-scale analysis of the episodes with and without precipitation in the southwest of Iran during the phase 1 of the MJO [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 73-87]
Iran Effect of Mediterranean cyclogenesis centers on annual precipitation of Iran during 1960 to 2002 [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 91-105]
Iran A study of winter temperature anomalies in Iran by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 12-27]
Iran A spectral analysis of Iran's droughts [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 28-47]
Iran A study of the impacts of the MJO on atmospheric circulations and winter precipitation in Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 49-65]
Iran An outlook on the Iranian Köppen-Geiger climate zones in the 21st century [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 84-100]
Iran Subsurface structural characterization of the Chooman Dam site using geoelectric method [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 22-30]
Iran Identification of the temperature regimes of Iran using multivariate methods [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 15-35]
Iran Assessment of CMIP5 climate models with observed precipitation in Iran [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 40-53]
Iran Inter-comparison of HARMONIE and WRF model simulations in convective-permitting scale over western area of Iran [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 1-18]
Iran Introduction and comparison of the performance of two global reanalysis databases in estimating daily maximum, minimum, and average air temperatures (case study: Helleh River basin) [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 53-68]
Iran Autumn Rainfall Anomalies and Regional Atmospheric Circulation along Establishment of Weak La Nina after Strong El Nino in Iran [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 1-15]
Iran Seasonal Study of Dust Deposition and Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in Iran Using MERRA-2 Data [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 43-59]
Iran Evaluation of the Deterministic Seismic Hazard by using Fuzzy Inference System, Case Study: Tabriz city, Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 19-28]
Iran Polyphase Inversion Tectonics in Western Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 79-88]
Iran Projected temperature anomalies and trends in different climate zones in Iran based on CMIP6 [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 35-54]
Iran Projection of precipitation intensity in Iran using NEX-GDDP by multi-model ensemble approach [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 47-68]
Iran Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for 8 densely-populated cities of Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 139-157]
Iran Sensitivity of WRF model in simulating wind zonal and meridional components in Tehran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 207-229]
Iran Analysis of the relationship albedo with Elevation, slope, and Aspect in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 241-251]
Iran Downscaling daily temperature of three reanalysis databases at a spatial resolution of one kilometer using MODIS sensor data [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 55-74]
Iran Evidence and description of the earthquake and the possibility of finding the paleo-earthquake concentrating on the Tabas Earthquake [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 75-92]
Iran Projected heat stress in Iran based on CMIP6 multi-model ensemble [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 157-173]
Iran Correlation between shear wave velocity and standard penetration test for Nowshahr and Chalus, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 37-52]
Iran Investigating drought in Iran using Keetch-Byram drought index (KBDI) and evaluating it with surface soil moisture (SSM) of active microwave sensors [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 233-255]
Iran Evaluation of CO2 column concentration of WRF-GHG and TM3 models with GOSAT satellite data over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 53-66]
Iran The impacts of climate change on the essential climate variables (ECVs) in Iran [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 1-17]
Iran Effects of completing dataset to assess the intensity value concentrating on Ardekul earthquake (10 May 1997), Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 97-108]
Iran Determination of seismic parameters of Iranian earthquakes by network theory [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 117-130]
Iran Evaluation of air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land, AgERA5, and MSWX datasets over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 131-159]
Iran Evaluation of spatio-temporal accuracy of precipitation estimation of ERA-5 database over Iran [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 27-46]
Iran Effects of meteorological factors and air pollution on the spread and transmission patterns of COVID-19 in Iran [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 105-123]
Iran Changes in cold and hot days and nights indices in Iran using EC-Earth3 multi-model ensemble configurations [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 101-121]
Iran Clustering-based semi-local estimation of BMA and EMOS models for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting [(Articles in Press)]
Iran Reducing Uncertainty in NEX-GDDP Downscaled Climate Projections via Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) over Iran during the Historical Period [(Articles in Press)]
Iranian Plateau A Seismic investigation of the upper crustal structure of the Iranian plateau [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 115-126]
Iranian Plateau Estimation of earthquake occurrence rate based on the crust deformation of Iran [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 151-166]
Iran wave velocity profile Projection of temperature and precipitation for 2020-2100 using post-processing of general circulation models output and artificial neu-ral network approach, case study: Tehran and Alborz provinces [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 123-140]
IRIS Periodic behavior of fast small-scale brightening on the solar disk [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 101-118]
IRLS Deconvolution of seismic data by applying the Bayes theory [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 17-30]
IRLS Simultaneous estimation of smooth and blocky structures in tomographic inversion of electrical resistivity data [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1-16]
Iron ore Imaging OjatAbad iron ore using magnetic data [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 61-72]
Isfahan region Evaluation of spectral accelerations for Isfahan region and comparison of the results with the spectral acceleration of Iranian Building Code (Standard No. 2800) and IBC [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
ISOLA software An investigation of factors affecting the inversion of a complex earthquake source using synthetic seismograms [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 134-148]
ITRF Horizontal coordinates change modeling of Earth surface points in ITRF reference frames in the region of Iranian plateau [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 12-32]

J

Jafar Khan Full magnetic tensor gradient survey with MEMS sensor, a case study on the Jafarkhan iron ore deposit [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 81-98]
Jalal-Abad Interpretation of magnetic anomalies using analytic signal derivatives [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 69-83]
Jask Synoptic analysis of tropical cyclone Gonu and its impact in the Southeast of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Jask port Investigation of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature distributions in Oman Sea using MODIS satellite images for the period (2000-2020) [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 49-66]
JHD Method Relocation of recent 20-years earthquakes occurred in northwest of Iran by JHD algorithm [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 117-131]
Joint inversion Crustal structure of the Western Alborz by joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion curve [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 81-94]
Joint inversion Lithosphere structure in the north Zagros collision revealed by joint inversion of P receiver function and surface wave dispersion [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 48-61]
Joint inversion Crustal structure beneath the south and southeast Iran using receiver function and Rayleigh waves group velocity dispersion [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 156-175]
Joint inversion Gravity–Geoelectric joint inversion to recognize the bedrock structure of aquifers (case study: part of Qotrum plain in Iran) [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 67-82]
Joint inversion Joint inversion of gravity and adjoint-state first arrival tomography [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 215-231]
Joint Slipping Nonlinear Shear Behavior of Rock Joints and Stress Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic Sandstone [(Articles in Press)]
Jowshan hot spring Preliminary investigation of the variation of radon concentration in the Jowshan hot spring in the SE of Iran as a precursor for the M 4.9 Shahdad and M 4.3 Sirch earthquakes on May, 2009 [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 30-39]
Jump Detecting the depth and thickness of weak layer in soil media using phase velocity spectrum and theoretical dispersion curve of rayleigh wave [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 57-77]

K

Kahak earthquake Rupture details of 18 June 2007 Kahak and 27 September 2010 North of Kazeroon earthquakes imaged by back-projection of teleseismic P-wave [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 19-39]
Kangan and Dalan Formations Estimation of Vp -Vs correlation and determination of elastic modulus for Kangan and Dalan Formations in South Pars field [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 71-81]
Kangan and Dalan Formations Determination of the relation between elastic moduli and gas volume in the reservoir zone of a gas field in South of Iran [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 34-44]
Kangan and Dalan Formations Determination of Lamé parameters and LMR in one of the reservoirs in South of Iran [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 83-93]
Kangan and Dalan Formations Estimation of anisotropy parameter γ in Kangan and Dalan Formations by DSI in a well at South Pars field [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 139-150]
Karaha-Cakrabuana Identification of subsurface structures and potential reservoir zones of geothermal filds based on gravitr data analysis in the Karaha-Cakrana area, west Java [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 63-76]
Karakanja(2020) earthquake Coseismic Deformation Mapping of the 2020 Karakanja Earthquake in Tajikistan Using InSAR Observations [(Articles in Press)]
Kariz Application of the ground penetrating radar for detecting the subsurface cavities-a case study from the Kariz galleries [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 79-94]
Karoon river catchment Simulation of discharge of the Karoon river by the OSU land-surface scheme in uncoupled and coupled form with the SIMTOP model [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 91-107]
Karun Basin Feasibility study of forecasting the flood occurrence using GRACE satellite gravity data in the Karun river basin, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 103-117]
Karun river The effects of Gotvand Dam construction on climatic parameters of temperature, humidity and precipitation [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 105-117]
Kazerun fault Characterizing two basement strike-slip faults in the Zagros Mountains; Razak and West Mand faults [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 79-92]
KBDI index Investigating drought in Iran using Keetch-Byram drought index (KBDI) and evaluating it with surface soil moisture (SSM) of active microwave sensors [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 233-255]
Kerman Investigation of the use of slip rate on time-independent seismic hazard macrozonation of Kerman region, west of Lut Block [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 36-62]
Kermanshah Simulation of historical earthquakes on 1st January 958 A.D., Mw = 6.3 and 1st Apr. 1150 A.D., Mw = 6.1 using the aftershocks data of 27 Nov. 2017 with Mw=7.3 by Empirical Green's Function Method [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 93-104]
Kermanshah province Prediction of wind potential and assessment of accuracy in mountainous areas (Case study: Kermanshah province) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 96-114]
Kermanshah province Investigating the effect of Madden-Julian Oscillation on the frequency of dust storms in the west of Iran [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 23-37]
Kerman station Comparing the performance of the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and the combination of ICA with fuzzy logic system in daily precipitation forecasting [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 1-14]
Keywords: Gaussian kernel Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a machine learning algorithm to identify seismic horizons in hydrocarbon reservoirs [(Articles in Press)]
Khansar Dam Geotechnical study around the Khansar dam by enhanced power GPR method [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 15-27]
Khorasan A multi‑criteria framework (Entropy–TOPSIS) for selecting optimal CMIP6 model–method combinations for precipitation and temperature bias correction in northeastern Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 131-155]
Khorasan mountains high Analysis of the nature and structure of Sistan wind [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 83-109]
Khoy Investigation of the pre-indicator of VLF signals received at the receiver of the Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 37-52]
Khuzestan Province The effects of Gotvand Dam construction on climatic parameters of temperature, humidity and precipitation [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 105-117]
Khuzestan Province Role of the low-level jet in the occurrence of summer dust events in Khuzestan province, southwest Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 17-34]
KiK-net Parametric Criteria in Onsite Earthquake Early Warning System [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 29-39]
KiK-net Eliminating site effects from surface station secords and improving earthquake early warning parameters [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 59-72]
K index On the relationship between convective and teleconnection indices over the West Asia [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 1-26]
Kinematics Investigation of two interpretations of a fault in northern Tehran [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 19-33]
Kish Island Site-specific response spectrum estimation for type III soil in Kish island [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 53-68]
K-means Algorithm Accelerograms selectionfortime history analyses via clustering by a genetic algorithm compared with K-meansmethod [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Kopeh Dagh Two-Dimensional Rayleigh wave tomography for crust and uppermost mantle of Kopeh-Dagh (IRAN) [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 25-38]
Kopet Dagh basin Origin of the Gharnyaregh and Neftelijeh mud volcanoes in Gorgan plain, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 238-243]
Köppen-Geiger An outlook on the Iranian Köppen-Geiger climate zones in the 21st century [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 84-100]
Koschmieder’s law Improving runway visual range calculation using an optimized optical parameter [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 77-89]
Kriging Study of seismotectonic stress regime in Fars Province based on inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms data [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 1-16]
Kriging Evaluating the efficiency of spatial geostatistical methods for identifying the spatial patterns of precipitation: a case study of Namak lake watershed [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 89-110]
Kriging method Design and development of groundwater level monitoring network using geostatistical and statistical methods in Arak plain [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 17-29]
Kumamoto earthquake Temporal variation of Q factor before and after Kumamoto earthquake [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 159-170]
Kurdistan province Subsurface structural characterization of the Chooman Dam site using geoelectric method [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 22-30]
Kuster-Toksoz Evaluating the variation of seismic parameters due to fluid substitution in a carbonate reservoir [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]

L

L1 norm Trend surface analysis using particle swarm optimization algorithm and L1 norm: a case study on gravity data of Neka in Mazandaran Province [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 49-58]
L2-norm Interpretation of two dimensional gravity data and its horizontal gradient using the reweighting focusing inversion method and common methods for depth in Aji-chay, East Azerbaijan province, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 105-124]
Lagrangian reference states Revisiting wintertime budget of local finite-amplitude wave activity in the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 1-24]
Lamé parameters Determination of Lamé parameters and LMR in one of the reservoirs in South of Iran [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 83-93]
Land cover Landslide susceptibility mapping of Chilas area along Karakorum highway, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 69-84]
Landslide Landslide susceptibility mapping of Chilas area along Karakorum highway, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 69-84]
Landslide Investigation of landslide situation along the path of gas pipelines in Imamzadeh Hashem-Rudehen area of Tehran province, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 18-29]
Landslide Detection of Debris Landslides Induced by the 2021 Bandar Abbas Doublet Earthquakes Using InSAR and RGB Color Composite [(Articles in Press)]
Landslide Potential Study of landslide potential in Chaybagh region with 2D electrical resistivity tomography method [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 223-237]
Landslides Subsurface lithological interpretation of the landslide-prone Cipendawa area, Cianjur (Indonesia), using 2D and 3D inversion of aeromagnetic data [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 25-42]
Land subsidence Investigating and processing of ground penetrating radar (GPR) sections in order to identify high-risk areas of subsidence and sinkholes in the alluvial sedimentary plain of Abarkooh, Yazd [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 127-138]
Land subsidence Assessment of Land Subsidence Using Radar Interferometry in the Sahneh, Kangavar, Chamchamal, Mianrahan, and Sonqor Plains and Its Relationship with Groundwater Resources [(Articles in Press)]
La-Nina A study of the relationship between ENSO and the distribution of annual precipitation in Iran in the period 1971-2000 [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 25-37]
La Niña On the Madden-Julian Oscillations and El Niño-Southern Oscillation connection and their feedback on autumnal precipitation in Fars province, Iran [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 109-126]
Laplace points Evaluation of the EGM2008 and GOCE global geoid models versus the Laplace points in Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 110-122]
Large-scale Atmospheric-Oceanic Fluctuations Assessment of spatio-temporal variation of net terrestrial ecosystem CO2 exchange over west Asia and around the Mediterranean sea (1982-2019) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 245-261]
Lateritic Sand Geoelectric investigation and physicochemical analysis of parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria, for groundwater quality assessment [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 167-186]
L- Band Evaluation of brightness temperatures observations from SMOS microwave satellite in comparison with L-MEB model simulations data [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 92-106]
L-curve method An improvement of 2-D inversion of MT data using automatic selection methods for regularization parameter [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Least Squares Method Study of landslide potential in Chaybagh region with 2D electrical resistivity tomography method [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 223-237]
LE grid Accuracy assessment of sixth order combined compact and super compact methods on C-D and LE grids: Representation of linear inertia-gravity and Rossby waves [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Levenberg-Marquardt method Nonlinear Unconstrained Inversion of Geomagnetic Data Using Sub-Problem Trust-Region Algorithm [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 85-103]
Limestone The effect of the confining pressure on the elastic wave velocity, the dynamic and static Young’s moduli of Sarvak limestone specimen [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 12-25]
Lineament Structural and depth to basment evaluation of parts of Brass and Olobiri, Bayelsa STATE, Nigeria, using airborne magnetic data [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 85-104]
Linear and Non-Linear Models Evaluation of the groundwater potential of Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria, using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system optimized by three metaheuristic algorithms [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 47-78]
Linear search method Nonlinear Unconstrained Inversion of Geomagnetic Data Using Sub-Problem Trust-Region Algorithm [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 85-103]
Lithofacies Lithofacies estimation by multi-resolution graph-based clustering of petrophysical well logs: a case study from one of the Persian Gulf’s gas fields, Iran [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 11-30]
Lithofacies Lithofacies classification using logging and sonic log effects assessment by taking the advantage of artificial neural network in a hydrocarbon reservoir [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 44-57]
Lithofacies 3D modeling of electro-facies using a geostatistical algorithm [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 129-151]
Lithology Luminous Phenomena of Earthquakes: Observations and Theories [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 50-67]
Lithology Subsurface lithological interpretation of the landslide-prone Cipendawa area, Cianjur (Indonesia), using 2D and 3D inversion of aeromagnetic data [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 25-42]
Lithosphere Crustal and lithospheric model of the Alborz, Central Iran and South Caspian Basin, using geoid and topographical data sets [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-11]
Lithosphere Lithosphere and upper-mantle structure in the NW of Zagros collision zone inferred from 3D teleseismic tomography [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 135-149]
Lithosphere Theoretical modelling of the coherence and admittance functions [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 45-61]
Lithosphere Investigation of shear wave velocity model beneath east of Iran from Rayleigh waves tomography [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 161-181]
LLJ Analysis of the nature and structure of Sistan wind [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 83-109]
L-MEB model Evaluation of brightness temperatures observations from SMOS microwave satellite in comparison with L-MEB model simulations data [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 92-106]
LMR Determination of Lamé parameters and LMR in one of the reservoirs in South of Iran [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 83-93]
Load Factor Investigation of aviation factors in the Tehran- Yasuj plane crash on 18 February 2018 [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 117-134]
Local Earthquakes Three-dimensional imaging of Central Alborz’s crust by using local earthquake tomography [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 146-161]
Local Earthquake Tomography Local earthquake tomography and 4-D imaging of the Rudbar Lorestan dam in Iran [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 139-150]
Local Earthquake Tomography (LET) 2D local earthquake tomography of P-wave velocity in the upper crust of NW Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 33-48]
Local finite-amplitude wave activity Revisiting wintertime budget of local finite-amplitude wave activity in the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 1-24]
Local Hurst exponent Enhancing Random Noise Attenuation in Seismic Data Using a Hurst Exponent-Weighted Adaptive Time-Frequency Peak Filter [(Articles in Press)]
Local magnitude (ML) Local magnitude scale (ML) for central Alborz [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 59-71]
Location Selection Investigating the effective factors in OSL dating sampling [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 27-46]
Logic tree Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and disaggregation of seismic hazard in golestan and adjacent areas [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 143-159]
Logic tree Sensitivity Analysis of Seismic Hazard for the Gowk Fault to Variations in Slip Rate and Site Distance [(Articles in Press)]
Longitudinal waves Investigation of earthquake effects on groundwater level and discharge of water wells following the 2013 Mw 6.3 Kaki earthquake occurred in Bushehr province (Iran) [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 75-90]
Lorestan Analysis of the causative fault during Silakhor earthquake, March 31, 2006 in Lorestan province [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 75-89]
Love wave Imaging strong lateral heterogeneities across the Caspian basin and northern Iran using body-to-surface wave scattering [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 121-135]
Love waves Crustal structure of NW Iran investigated by Love waves dispersion curve tomography [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 53-69]
Low Level Jet Study of the effect of low-level jets on genesis and transport of dust in the west and southwest of Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 1-19]
Low-Level Jet Role of the low-level jet in the occurrence of summer dust events in Khuzestan province, southwest Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 17-34]
Loza Geotechnical study around the Khansar dam by enhanced power GPR method [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 15-27]
Lut block Seismicity parameters and probability of earthquakes in the east of Iran (Lut block) [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 69-77]
Lyra parameter A Study of mountain waves using a 2D analytical model [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 123-139]

M

M1-ML relationship Calculation of magnitude M1 for earthquakes in the Tehran region [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 1-11]
Machine Learning Introduction SeisART software application for seismic facies analysis with combining artificial intelligence and interpreter knowledge [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 64-77]
Machine Learning Comparison of various machine learning algorithms for estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of cement and volcanic ash stabilized clay [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 19-37]
Machine Learning Forecasting the average monthly rainfall in the northwest of Iran using teleconnections and machine learning [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 77-90]
Machine Learning Evaluation of the groundwater potential of Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria, using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system optimized by three metaheuristic algorithms [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 47-78]
Machine Learning Spatial reconstruction of geological features distribution based on remote sensing model using convolutional neural network algorithm in Patuha geothermal field, Indonesia [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 85-104]
Machine Learning The investigation into the impacts of solar wind-magnetosphere interactions on ionospheric electron flux using machine learning [(Articles in Press)]
Machine Learning (ML) A pattern recognition approach to reservoir modeling: comparative performance of CNN and gradient boosting in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs [(Articles in Press)]
Machine learning prediction Metaheuristic-optimized machine learning models for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of geopolymer-stabilized clay soils [(Articles in Press)]
Macroseismic description Evidence and description of the earthquake and the possibility of finding the paleo-earthquake concentrating on the Tabas Earthquake [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 75-92]
Madden–Julian oscillation On the relationship between convective and teleconnection indices over the West Asia [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 1-26]
Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Investigating the effect of Madden-Julian Oscillation on the frequency of dust storms in the west of Iran [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 23-37]
Magmatic arc Surface wave tomography of the Makran subduction zone [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 117-133]
Magnetic A normalized statistics method in edge detection of potential field anomalies [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 46-56]
Magnetic The use of vertical derivative filter with different orders in interpretation of potential fields anomalies [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 39-49]
Magnetic Anomalies Structural deformation analysis of parts of Nigeria's southwestern precambrian basement complex using gradient techniques [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 193-209]
Magnetic bodies depth detection The application of the local wavenumber for depth estimation of magnetic data; Case study: Siriz Iron Mine [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 33-44]
Magnetic dipole Effect of low-pass filter on structural index of magnetic anomalies [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 45-53]
Magnetic field Kink transverse displacements in solar loops by a thin cylindrical model [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 75-94]
Magnetic field separation Magnetic field anomaly separation using empirical mode decomposition [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16, Pages 46-57]
Magnetic gradient tensor Location and depth estimation of magnetic anomalies using analytic signals of the magnetic gradient tensor in frequency domain [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Magnetic method Combination of Magnetic and Resistivity methods for determination of the mineralization extension in Moeil Iron ore, Meshkin-Shahr [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 119-127]
Magnetic method Subsurface lithological interpretation of the landslide-prone Cipendawa area, Cianjur (Indonesia), using 2D and 3D inversion of aeromagnetic data [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 25-42]
Magnetic polarity Analyzing the relationship between solar magnetic polarity, solar wind velocity, and vertical magnetic field (Bz) [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 77-86]
Magnetic reconnection Relation of Magnetosphere’s shape to medium resistivity in global magnetohydrodynamic's simulation [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 12-24]
Magnetite Geological and geophysical exploration of Saghand iron deposit [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 116-132]
Magnetometer Investigation of tectonic lineaments by using magnetic data in Poshtbadam area, Yazd province [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Magnetotelluric A study on the geothermal reservoirs in Mahallat area, Markazi Province by 1D and 2D inversion of the magnetotelluric data [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 10-25]
Magnetotelluric An assessment of the dimensionality of subsurface geoelectric structures and 1-D and 2-D inverse modelling of magnetotelluric data in NW of Sabalan geothermal region [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 30-44]
Magnetotelluric Determination of the boundaries of Sabalan geothermal reservoirs using 1D and 2D inversion of the magnetotelluric data [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 104-117]
Magnetotelluric Modeling of H-polarization magnetotelluric responses using the finite difference method [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 37-48]
Magnetotelluric Decomposition analysis of a large magnetotelluric dataset from the Nasr-Abad salt diaper, Central Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 31-52]
Magnetotelluric Reduction of the data required for training deep learning models based on clustering of the data and its application in one-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 81-100]
Magnetotellurics Three-dimensional Magnetotelluric Modeling of data from Northeast of Gorgan Plain [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 11-20]
Magnitude Calculation of magnitude M1 for earthquakes in the Tehran region [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 1-11]
Magnitude Artificial neural networks to model earthquake magnitude and the di-rection of its energy propagation: a case study of Indonesia [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 9-23]
Makran Estimation of quality factor of coda waves in Makran region, southeast of Iran [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Makran Determination of stress tensor based on Inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms and implementation in Makran region [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 1-19]
Makran Crustal structure beneath the south and southeast Iran using receiver function and Rayleigh waves group velocity dispersion [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 156-175]
Makran Rayleigh wave group velocity modeling using Simulated Annealing algorithm and gravity data inversion to estimate the variations of Moho depth, shear wave velocity and density structure of the crust and upper mantle in Makran region [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 31-47]
Makran Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment along the southeastern Iran coast [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 1-13]
Makran Stress field variations in the Zagros-Makran transition zone by using earthquake focal mechanism stress tensor inversion [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 1-13]
Makran Surface wave tomography of the Makran subduction zone [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 117-133]
Makran Coastline Port wave data simulation in Zarabad using Mike21 and data modification with artificial neural network [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 139-155]
Makran Subduction The structure of the central Makran accretionary prism and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration and seismic hazard [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 91-115]
Makran Subduction Seismic zonation of Makran using Seismotectonic Approach [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 25-48]
Makran Subduction Zone Velocity structure of the Iranian Makran subduction zone [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 63-79]
Makran Zone Evaluation of seismic stress change in the Makran zone [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 191-205]
Makran Zone Comparison of seismic stress changes in southern Zagros and Makran zones [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 157-182]
Mallard Insights from the 2017 and 2020 Mw ~5 earthquakes around Tehran: Assessing seismicity and physical and social vulnerability [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 111-128]
Mann-Kendal Trend Test The Tempo-Spatial Variations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) in Iran (1988-2017) [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 73-85]
Mann-Whitney test Investigating the effect of Madden-Julian Oscillation on the frequency of dust storms in the west of Iran [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 23-37]
Mantle Mantle anisotropy in the Central Alborz obtained from SKS analysis [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 1-12]
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Investigating the dynamic behavior of the north Tabriz fault in the interseismic period using physical models of the earthquake cycle in a viscoelastic half-space [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 101-120]
Markov model The use of auxiliary variable sulphide factor to improve the estimation results of copper by collocated cokriging and kriging with external drift [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 45-58]
Marquardt-Levenberg Non-linear inversion of magnetic data using Gradient subspace method [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 13-31]
MASW Detecting the depth and thickness of weak layer in soil media using phase velocity spectrum and theoretical dispersion curve of rayleigh wave [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 57-77]
Mathematical Modeling Depth, amplitude coefficient and geometrical shape factor estimation of bariteâs ore-body by nonlinearly unconstrained inversion of gravity data [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 60-75]
MATLAB Modeling of H-polarization magnetotelluric responses using the finite difference method [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 37-48]
MATLAB RESIP2DMODE: A MATLAB-Based 2D Resistivity and Induced Polarization Forward Modeling Software [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 60-78]
Matrix identification Formation evaluation of middle Miocene reservoirs via petrophysical analysis of well logging data; case study from Southern part of Gulf of Suez, Egypt [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 39-57]
Maximum Curvature Application of surface-derived attributes in determining boundaries of potential-field sources [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 57-71]
MCS Analysis of updraft velocity in mesoscale convective systems using satellite and WRF model simulations [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 57-70]
Mechanical interaction Slip rate partitioning among the southern central Alborz active faults by considering mechanical interactions among faults [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 78-95]
Mechanical interaction Slip rate partitioning in the North Tabriz fault using permanent and campaign GPS observables [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 83-102]
Mechanical interaction Investigating the mechanical interaction among large earthquakes in NW Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 25-44]
Mediterranean Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the dominant patterns of geopotetial height variability in the Mediterranean region by using empirical orthogonal functions [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 66-77]
Mediterranean cyclogenesis centers Effect of Mediterranean cyclogenesis centers on annual precipitation of Iran during 1960 to 2002 [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 91-105]
Mediterranean storm track Dynamic analysis of the Mediterranean storm track using Rossby wave activity and fluxes [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 31-45]
Megathrust segmentation Seismic zonation of Makran using Seismotectonic Approach [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 25-48]
Mehrabad Airport Feasibility study of Gusty wind prediction using data mining and regression based on the sum of limited field data [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 47-70]
Mela-Kabod landslide Numerical modeling of mountain front fault (MFF) in the event of earthquake on November 12, 2017 Sarpol-e-Zahab by boundary element method [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 77-99]
Mendala Village Vs and Vp/Vs Characterization Using Single-Station Microtremor for Permanent Housing Relocation Planning in Mendala Village, Central Java, Indonesia [(Articles in Press)]
MERRA Introduction and comparison of the performance of two global reanalysis databases in estimating daily maximum, minimum, and average air temperatures (case study: Helleh River basin) [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 53-68]
MERRA-2 Seasonal Study of Dust Deposition and Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in Iran Using MERRA-2 Data [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 43-59]
MERRA-2 Accuracy assessment of CFS-v2, MERRA-2, ERA-5 temperature over the different regions of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 1-24]
MERRA-2 Application of MERRA-2 to investigate changes in snow depth in high mountains of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 79-90]
Metadata Exploratory Analysis and Detection of In-homogeneities in Temperature and Precipitation Series of Meteorological Stations in Iran (Period 1959-2018) [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 213-233]
Metaheuristic optimization algorithms Metaheuristic-optimized machine learning models for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of geopolymer-stabilized clay soils [(Articles in Press)]
Meteorological Factors Effects of meteorological factors and air pollution on the spread and transmission patterns of COVID-19 in Iran [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 105-123]
Meteorological parameters Application of principal component analysis to meteorological data in ANN input selection [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
METEOSAT8 Post–processing of WRF model for precipitable water using meteorological satellite data [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 37-55]
Meybod city Application of Gustafson-Kessel algorithm in finding seismically co-pattern zones, A case study on Meybod city [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 67-77]
MFF fault Numerical modeling of mountain front fault (MFF) in the event of earthquake on November 12, 2017 Sarpol-e-Zahab by boundary element method [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 77-99]
Microclimate Simulations Evaluation of different WRF-Urban Canopy Models performance in city-scale numerical simulations in Tehran Metropolis [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 25-36]
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Full magnetic tensor gradient survey with MEMS sensor, a case study on the Jafarkhan iron ore deposit [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 81-98]
Microtremor Seismic vulnerability estimation based on shear strain analysis at Mount Gamalama, Indonesia [(Articles in Press)]
Microtremor Soil Surface Modeling Analysis Using the HVSR Microtremor Method for Permanent Housing Development Plans in Mendala Village, Brebes Regency, Central Java [(Articles in Press)]
Microtremor Vs and Vp/Vs Characterization Using Single-Station Microtremor for Permanent Housing Relocation Planning in Mendala Village, Central Java, Indonesia [(Articles in Press)]
Middle East Evaluation of the WRF/Chem aerosol models - a dust episode case study [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 1-18]
Middle Miocene reservoirs Formation evaluation of middle Miocene reservoirs via petrophysical analysis of well logging data; case study from Southern part of Gulf of Suez, Egypt [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 39-57]
Miduk Copper Mine Geoelectrical investigation of seepage beneath the tailing dam areas of Miduk Copper Mine [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 119-134]
MIKE 21 Evaluation and comparison of tidal analysis and predicting methods of Mike 21 software [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 1-20]
Minab earthquake Tectonic setting of the 2013 May 11 Mw 6.1 Goharan earthquake in western Makran [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 1-23]
Mineral Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of high-resolution gravity data of Ewekoro, Southwest Nigeria using source parameter imaging and Euler deconvolution techniques [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 1-16]
Mineral Exploration and resource evaluations of mineral using modeling and GPR applications: case study in Morocco [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 43-63]
Minerals Numerical simulations of seasonal changes of plankton and minerals in the north of Oman Sea using the ROMS-NPZD paired model [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 71-92]
Minimum temperature Comparison of Multi-Layer Perceptron artificial neural network and Linacre regression model performance for predicting daily minimum temperature (Case study: Kerman, Shiraz, Rasht and Hamedan) [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 107-121]
Mitigation Seismic vulnerability and sediment thickness assessment using HVSR in Musi Banyuasin district, south Sumatra [(Articles in Press)]
MJO A synoptic-scale analysis of the episodes with and without precipitation in the southwest of Iran during the phase 1 of the MJO [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 73-87]
MJO A study of the impacts of the MJO on atmospheric circulations and winter precipitation in Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 49-65]
MOD16 Evaluation of evapotranspiration changes in the Aras basin using spatial high resolution MOD16 product [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 119-137]
Modeling Two-Dimensional modeling and compact inversion of magnetic data of Siahlat region along with mask signal approach [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 15-24]
Modeling Modeling of H-polarization magnetotelluric responses using the finite difference method [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 37-48]
Modeling 2D modeling and inversion of magnetic data of Shahmirzad region located on Semnan province for depth and shape determination of iron-ore [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 72-82]
Modeling Non-linear inversion of magnetic data using Gradient subspace method [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 13-31]
Modeling The effect of climatic parameters in the modeling of solar radiation using artificial intelligence (Case study: Yazd synoptic station) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 69-80]
Modeling Nonlinear two-dimensional modeling of gravimetric data using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and NSGAII-TOPSIS hybrid technique [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 57-80]
Modeling Exploration and resource evaluations of mineral using modeling and GPR applications: case study in Morocco [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 43-63]
Models of nonstationary signal Comparison of spectral decomposition methods to detect channels in one of the reservoirs of southwest Iran [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 84-94]
MODIS Analysis of the relationship albedo with Elevation, slope, and Aspect in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 241-251]
MODIS Downscaling daily temperature of three reanalysis databases at a spatial resolution of one kilometer using MODIS sensor data [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 55-74]
MODIS Sensor Investigation of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature distributions in Oman Sea using MODIS satellite images for the period (2000-2020) [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 49-66]
Moeil mine Combination of Magnetic and Resistivity methods for determination of the mineralization extension in Moeil Iron ore, Meshkin-Shahr [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 119-127]
Moghan Nonlinear two-dimensional modeling of gravimetric data using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and NSGAII-TOPSIS hybrid technique [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 57-80]
Moghan Basin Sedimentary Basement relief modeling by gravity inversion via Ant Colony Algorithm [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 39-54]
Moghan sedimentary basin Interpretation of gravity data using generalized power spectrum [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 1-12]
Mohammadabad Rigan Anisotropy parameter analysis in Mohammadabad, Rigan based on the aftershock analysis of the earthquake of December 20, 2010 [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 134-145]
Mohammad Abad Rigan Identifying fault of Mohammad Abad Rigan 20/12/2010 Earthquake and its focal mechanism using aftershock analyses [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 59-70]
Moho Crustal structure of the Western Alborz by joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion curve [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 81-94]
Moho Geometry of deep velocity discontinuities in the coastal Makran using receiver functions [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 157-173]
Moho Depth Crustal and lithospheric model of the Alborz, Central Iran and South Caspian Basin, using geoid and topographical data sets [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-11]
Moho Depth Variation of the Moho depth in some Iranian seismotectonic zones using P receiver functions [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 132-152]
Moho Depth Estimation of shear wave velocity structure and Moho depth variations in the southeast of Iran, based on joint inversion of surface waves dispersion and P-wave receiver function [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 112-127]
Moho Depth Rayleigh wave group velocity modeling using Simulated Annealing algorithm and gravity data inversion to estimate the variations of Moho depth, shear wave velocity and density structure of the crust and upper mantle in Makran region [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 31-47]
Moho discontinuity How to read the reflection phases of Moho [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 109-128]
Moisture content of base Determination of qualitative parameters in pavements using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Moisture flux vector Moisture sources and transport over Iran and its interaction with Indian monsoon and subtropical high [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 96-113]
Molchan diagra Assessing performances of pattern informatics method variants: a comparative analysis in Zagros, Iran [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 65-80]
Molodensky method A New Approach for Datum Transformation Based on Ellipsoidal Approximation and Simultaneous Estimation of the Height Correcting Surface Parameters [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 49-61]
Moment Rate Evaluation of tectonic activity effect in the Zagros fold and thrust belt by seismic/geodetic moment rate ratio [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 167-184]
Moment tensor Source parameters of the October 17, 2009 Rey-Tehran Earthquake, Mw 4.3 [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 46-58]
Moment tensor Focal mechanisms of moderate earthquakes with complex sources [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 111-134]
Monin-Obukhov theory A study of non-dimensional wind gradient and turbulent intensity, using the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory in a roughness sub-layer of an urban area with complex topography (Tehran) [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 69-85]
Monitoring Network Design and development of groundwater level monitoring network using geostatistical and statistical methods in Arak plain [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 17-29]
Monsoon A study of the impact of Indian Monsoon on summer climate of Iran [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Monte Carlo simulation Investigation of the most probable critical direction of November 12, 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake records using Monte Carlo simulation [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 63-75]
Monthly forecast Forecasting of monthly precipitation based on ensemble approach using CFSv2-WRF model over Iran (case study: October 2019 to April 2020) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 129-145]
Moritz-Pellinen Impact of DEM uncertainities on direct and indirect topographical effects [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 205-215]
Morlet wavelet Application of space-wavenumber analysis in magnetic exploration [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 81-91]
Morocco Exploration and resource evaluations of mineral using modeling and GPR applications: case study in Morocco [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 43-63]
Morvarid Zanjan deposit The 3D modeling of magnetic anomaly of Morvarid Zanjan deposit and method validation by using drilling data [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 56-69]
Mosha-Fasham Fault Assessment of the Seismic Potential of the Mosha-Fasham Fault Based on Variations in Seismicity Parameters [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 201-220]
Mosha Fault Instrumental Seismology of the Eastern part of the Mosha Fault [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 127-146]
Mosha Fault Fault-kinematic and stress state investigation using focal mechanism solution along the Mosha fault, Alborz Mountain: implication for changing stress tectonic regime [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 165-174]
Mosha strike-slip fault Investigation of the relationship between tidal stress components and seismic events in the area of Mosha fault [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 57-88]
Mountain front faulting Investigation of two interpretations of a fault in northern Tehran [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 19-33]
Mountainous region Application of MERRA-2 to investigate changes in snow depth in high mountains of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 79-90]
Mountain waves A Study of mountain waves using a 2D analytical model [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 123-139]
MRGC 3D modeling of electro-facies using a geostatistical algorithm [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 129-151]
MRI-CGCM3 Statistical post processing MRI-CGCM3 output for seasonal precipitation forecast over Khorasan-Razavi province, Iran [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 119-133]
MSNoise Python package Volcano monitoring with simultaneous analysis of amplitude ratio and velocity of ambient seismic noise [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 216-229]
M-split Evaluation of unstable points detection methods in geodetic GNSS-based networks [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 175-192]
MSS Evaluation of unstable points detection methods in geodetic GNSS-based networks [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 175-192]
MSWX Evaluation of air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land, AgERA5, and MSWX datasets over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 131-159]
MT An improvement of 2-D inversion of MT data using automatic selection methods for regularization parameter [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
MT data 2D Inversion and interpretation of electromagnetic array profiling (EMAP) data [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 64-78]
Mud volcano Origin of the Gharnyaregh and Neftelijeh mud volcanoes in Gorgan plain, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 238-243]
Multilayer Perceptron Utilizing support vector regression for magnetic statistical modeling and using a fuzzy inference system for comprehending the status of subsurface structures [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 99-118]
Multi-Model Ensemble Projected heat stress in Iran based on CMIP6 multi-model ensemble [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 157-173]
Multi-Model Ensemble Reducing Uncertainty in NEX-GDDP Downscaled Climate Projections via Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) over Iran during the Historical Period [(Articles in Press)]
Multiple inverse method The analysis of principal stress directions in northwestern Iran using main shocks and aftershocks in Ahar–Varzeghan region [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 103-117]
Multiple regression Investigation and comparison of conventional methods for estimating shear wave velocity from well logging data in one of the sandstone reservoirs in southern Iran [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 23-35]
Multiple Timescales Drought Prediction in Khuzestan Province Using Climate Teleconnection Indices and Machine Learning Methods at Multiple Timescales [(Articles in Press)]
Multivariate Regression Variation in the rainy season over Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 51-76]
Multivariate Statistics Analysis of improvement of porosity estimation by combining geostatistical methods and multiattribute transforms [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 95-106]
Musi Banyuasin Seismic vulnerability and sediment thickness assessment using HVSR in Musi Banyuasin district, south Sumatra [(Articles in Press)]
Mutual Information Improvement the tropical cyclone forecasting process with effective features selection [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 67-82]
Mutual Information Feature selection and prediction of Gusty wind with multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) at the airport auto station [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 33-52]
Mutual Information (MI) Feasibility study of Gusty wind prediction using data mining and regression based on the sum of limited field data [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 47-70]

N

NAO The effects of NAO on some meteorological parameters over Middle East and South West Asia [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 51-64]
Nasr-Abad Decomposition analysis of a large magnetotelluric dataset from the Nasr-Abad salt diaper, Central Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 31-52]
NCP A study of winter temperature anomalies in Iran by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 12-27]
Nd Chi angle scan for investigating gas water contact of a Pliocene reservoir in the offshore East Nile Delta, Egypt [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 129-137]
NEAR-FAULT Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment by considering the effects of near-field directivity (A case study of Kermanshah region, Iran) [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 107-122]
Near-field ground motion The V/H response spectral ratio of near fault field earthquakes according to Iran's data [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 21-38]
NEFPROX neuro-fuzzy model Prediction of reservoir porosity distribution from seismic attributes using NEFPROX neuro-fuzzy model in the Gorgan Basin [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-15]
Neka power plant Trend surface analysis using particle swarm optimization algorithm and L1 norm: a case study on gravity data of Neka in Mazandaran Province [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 49-58]
Network and internetwork Bright Points Fluctuating morphology of the solar magnetic bright points [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 1-11]
Neural Network Improving the prediction of reservoir porosity through a combination of iso-frequency component, instantaneous bandwidth and time gain seismic attributes: A case study on an oil field at Persian Gulf [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Neural Network Analysis of improvement of porosity estimation by combining geostatistical methods and multiattribute transforms [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 95-106]
Neural Network Analysis of temporal variations of radon concentration and aftershocks of Bam Earthquake using Adaline neural network [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 113-126]
Neural Network Application of Hadamard Transform for reservoir lithofacies discrimination [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1-11]
Neural Network Effective porosity estimation using multiattribute analysis [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-18]
Neural Network Port wave data simulation in Zarabad using Mike21 and data modification with artificial neural network [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 139-155]
Neuro-fuzzy model Applying neuro-fuzzy model to estimate reservoir properties using seismic attributes - A case study in a hydrocarbon reservoir in central Iran [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 84-95]
NEX-GDDP Projection of precipitation intensity in Iran using NEX-GDDP by multi-model ensemble approach [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 47-68]
NEX-GDDP Reducing Uncertainty in NEX-GDDP Downscaled Climate Projections via Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) over Iran during the Historical Period [(Articles in Press)]
Niayesh Tunnel Earthquake effect on the Niayesh tunnel, north of Tehran megacity [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 47-62]
Nitrat Pollution Estimation of contribution of nitrate pollution sources on the spatial distribution of the pollutant in the Caspian Sea [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 167-189]
NOAH-MP land surface scheme The evaluation of snow model in NOAH-MP coupled with WRF model during the periods of heavy snow over the northern and western regions of Iran [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 146-163]
Noise Quality control of meteorological radar data using three-dimensional reflectivity [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 120-131]
Noise Effect of low-pass filter on structural index of magnetic anomalies [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 45-53]
Noise Estimation of shallow sediment structure of Tehran Basin by using surface wave Love dispersion curves [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 68-81]
Noise Reduction Nonlinear diffusion noise reduction in astronomical images [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 128-143]
Non-Central Compact Scheme Numerical simulation of Poincaré waves using central and non-central compact schemes [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 47-67]
Non-DC focal mechanism An investigation of factors affecting the inversion of a complex earthquake source using synthetic seismograms [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 134-148]
Non-destructive method Exploration and resource evaluations of mineral using modeling and GPR applications: case study in Morocco [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 43-63]
Non-destructive tests Investigating the effect of the device parameters and geometric characteristics of the sample on the pressure wave velocity in travertine rock samples [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 126-142]
Nonlinear dynamic analysis A comparative study of seismic performance evaluation existing methods EBF systems with intermediate link beam [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 105-118]
Nonlinear gravity inversion Basement relief modeling by gravity inversion via Ant Colony Algorithm [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 39-54]
Nonlinear inversion Nonlinear Unconstrained Inversion of Geomagnetic Data Using Sub-Problem Trust-Region Algorithm [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 85-103]
Nonlinear method Earthquake relocation of Varzaghan- Ahar 6.5 Mw, 6.3 Mwand their aftershocks using probabilistic nonlinear algorithm [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 143-159]
Nonlinear method Nonlinear versus linear local earthquake location and uncertainty calculation using simulated data [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 127-140]
Nonlinear method Relocation of the aftershocks of Mohamad Abad Rigan Earthquake December 20, 2010, (Mn = 6.5) using a nonlinear method [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 96-111]
Nonlinear method Linear and nonlinear analysis investigation on soil dynamic behavior (Case study: Urmia city, Iran) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 81-95]
North Atlantic oscillatio On the relationship between convective and teleconnection indices over the West Asia [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 1-26]
North Atlantic oscillation Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the dominant patterns of geopotetial height variability in the Mediterranean region by using empirical orthogonal functions [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 66-77]
North Atlantic oscillation Impacts of NAO on the meteorological conditions of air quality in Tehran during 2006-2017 [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 51-72]
North Atlantic oscillation Overlap of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) periodicities with periodicities of droughts and wet years of Iran [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 91-104]
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) The linkage between winter atmospheric circulation modes of variability, the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks, and Arctic sea ice cover [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1-21]
North Atlantic Storm track Dynamic analysis of the Mediterranean storm track using Rossby wave activity and fluxes [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 31-45]
North Atlantic Storm track The linkage between winter atmospheric circulation modes of variability, the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks, and Arctic sea ice cover [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1-21]
Northeast Iran Temporal and spatial variations of seismicity parameters before the occurrence of MN≥5 earthquakes in northeast Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 67-84]
Northern Zagros Estimation of shear wave quality factor and geometrical spreading applying the generalized inversion technique (GIT) for northern Zagros [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 119-131]
NorthMahallat Magnetic field anomaly separation using empirical mode decomposition [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16, Pages 46-57]
North Pacific storm track The linkage between winter atmospheric circulation modes of variability, the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks, and Arctic sea ice cover [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 1-21]
North Tabriza Fault (NTF) Slip rate partitioning in the North Tabriz fault using permanent and campaign GPS observables [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 83-102]
North Tabriz Fault Attenuation relationship for the horizontal component of peak ground acceleration and acceleration response spectra in NW Iran [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 76-90]
North Tabriz Fault Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis for North Tabriz fault [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 73-89]
North Tabriz Fault (NTF) 2D local earthquake tomography of P-wave velocity in the upper crust of NW Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 33-48]
North Tabriz Fault (NTF) Investigating the dynamic behavior of the north Tabriz fault in the interseismic period using physical models of the earthquake cycle in a viscoelastic half-space [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 101-120]
North Tabriz Fault (NTF) Analysis of Tectonic Structural Stability and Seismic Response along the Old Ascent Route to the Eynali Natural/Cultural Heritage Site [(Articles in Press)]
North Tehran Fault Investigation of two interpretations of a fault in northern Tehran [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 19-33]
Northwestern Iran Evidence of active faulting in the Azarshahr-Tabriz fault zone of northwestern Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 53-68]
Northwest of Iran The analysis of principal stress directions in northwestern Iran using main shocks and aftershocks in Ahar–Varzeghan region [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 103-117]
Northwest of Iran Relocation of recent 20-years earthquakes occurred in northwest of Iran by JHD algorithm [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 117-131]
Nowcasting Nowcasting of convection initiation using satellite data [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 1-22]
NSGA-II algorithm Nonlinear two-dimensional modeling of gravimetric data using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and NSGAII-TOPSIS hybrid technique [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 57-80]
Nucleation Investigation of the microphysical processes on Aerosol particles using the coupled system of the Aerosol HAM scheme and the meso-scale WRF model [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 58-76]
Numerical differentiation GRACE satellite pairs and GNSS range observations fusion using unscented Kalman filter (Case study: recovery of simulated gravitational field) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 72-87]
Numerical method Investigation of the Dynamic Properties Effect of Site on Seismic Ground Response in Analysis and Design of Buildings [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 56-71]
Numerical methods Estimation of wind erosion emission from iron ore piles using CFD and Von Karman methods [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 170-180]
Numerical Model Evaluation of two methods of forecasting wind gust speed in Iran and post-processing of results using artificial neural network [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 101-118]
Numerical Model The 2D numerical simulation of fine-grained marine sediment transport in the channel of the Bushehr Port [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 119-130]
Numerical modeling Numerical and field analysis of wave propagation and cracks caused by presplit blasting in conglomerate rock mass at Gotvand Olya dam [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 49-65]
Numerical modeling Global models for investigation of phytoplankton blooms in the Gulf of Oman and the northwest of Arabian Sea [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 62-74]
Numerical modeling Numerical modeling of round-penetrating radar (GPR) usingfinite-element method [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 144-156]
Numerical modeling Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment along the southeastern Iran coast [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 1-13]
Numerical modeling Numerical modeling of physical properties, currents and eddies in the Southern Caspian Sea [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 69-82]
Numerical modeling Investigation of the effect of rheology on the upper plate deformation in subduction systems via numerical simulation: Insight into the Eocene Neothetys subduction in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 171-190]
Numerical modeling Performance review of nonlinear shallow water equations in tsunami wave modeling [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 115-141]
Numerical modeling Assessing the role of bathymetric data resolution and FD grid spacing in numerical tsunami simulation [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 137-151]
Numerical modelling Port wave data simulation in Zarabad using Mike21 and data modification with artificial neural network [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 139-155]
Numerical Prediction Application of data assimilation using WRF model to simulate precipitations caused by synoptic systems in the western regions of Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 101-123]
Numerical weather forecast model A case study on the impact of synoptic and upper air data assimilation in WRF output for precipitation over Iran [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 110-119]
Numerical Weather Prediction Evaluation of a WRF model multi-physics ensemble forecasting system for simulation of precipitation over central region of Iran [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 13-38]
Numerical Weather Prediction Prediction of the clear air turbulence over western Iran (Tehran–Ahwaz and Tehran–Ardebil) using the WRF model simulations [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 120-143]
Numerical Weather Prediction Assessment of the performance of the ensemble mean of an ensmble forecastiong system developed for the WRF model for weather prediction: A case study over the west part of Iran [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 141-155]
NW Iran Attenuation relationship for the horizontal component of peak ground acceleration and acceleration response spectra in NW Iran [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 76-90]
NW Iran Attenuation of ground-motion spectral amplitudes in the NW Iran [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 128-141]
NW Iran Estimation of Coda wave attenuation in NW Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 156-170]
NW Iran Crustal structure of NW Iran investigated by Love waves dispersion curve tomography [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 53-69]
NW Iran Investigating the mechanical interaction among large earthquakes in NW Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 25-44]
NW Iran Crustal and Sedimentary Basin Structure in Western Alborz and Tarom Ranges, Derived From Autocorrelation of Ambient Seismic Noise [(Articles in Press)]
NW of Iranian Plateau Estimation of compressional and shear wave quality factor in North West of Iranian Plateau [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 97-111]
NWP Analysis of updraft velocity in mesoscale convective systems using satellite and WRF model simulations [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 57-70]
NWP Inter-comparison of HARMONIE and WRF model simulations in convective-permitting scale over western area of Iran [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 1-18]
NW tectonic province of Iran Investigation of seismicity and 1D crustal structure in Tabriz region [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]

O

Occam’s inversion Study of the effects of the variables changes on the inversion of airborne electromagnetic data in frequency domain [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 38-50]
Ocean Heat Content Divergent pathways of upper-ocean heat accumulation in the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman [(Articles in Press)]
Oceanic lithosphere Surface wave tomography of the Makran subduction zone [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 117-133]
Oceanic Nino Index A study of the relationship between ENSO and the distribution of annual precipitation in Iran in the period 1971-2000 [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 25-37]
Oceanic slab Lithosphere and upper-mantle structure in the NW of Zagros collision zone inferred from 3D teleseismic tomography [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 135-149]
Oil Field Application of fractal methods to determine the Bouguer density in Charak Region (South of Iran) [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 34-50]
Oil Field Lithofacies classification using logging and sonic log effects assessment by taking the advantage of artificial neural network in a hydrocarbon reservoir [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 44-57]
OjatAbad Imaging OjatAbad iron ore using magnetic data [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 61-72]
Oman Sea Synoptic analysis of tropical cyclone Gonu and its impact in the Southeast of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Oman Sea Sensitivity of WRF model simulations to physical parameterization over the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea during summer monsoon [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 1-19]
Oman Sea Numerical simulations of seasonal changes of plankton and minerals in the north of Oman Sea using the ROMS-NPZD paired model [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 71-92]
Oman Sea Investigation of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature distributions in Oman Sea using MODIS satellite images for the period (2000-2020) [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 49-66]
OmanSea Application of seismic methods in study of appreciate growth condition and occurrence of gas hydrate in Oman Sea [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 65-78]
Oman sea and Persian gulf Evaluation and comparison of tidal analysis and predicting methods of Mike 21 software [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 1-20]
Onsite earthquake early warnings Parametric Criteria in Onsite Earthquake Early Warning System [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 29-39]
Oolitic Iron ore Geo-morphological mapping of the basin configuration of parts of southern Nupe Basin, Nigeria, using high resolution aeromagnetic and core drill dataset [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 91-110]
OpenQuake Engine Sensitivity Analysis of Seismic Hazard for the Gowk Fault to Variations in Slip Rate and Site Distance [(Articles in Press)]
Optical Simulated Luminescence (OSL) Determination of the slip rate in the Shesh-Taraz river on the Doruneh fault using histogram and minimum age OSL methods [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 14-29]
Optical Stimulated Luminescence Investigating the effective factors in OSL dating sampling [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 27-46]
Optimization, inverse problem, computer algebra, geodetic data inversion, structured total least norm Comparison of standard least squares and structured total least norm approaches for geophysical models inversion [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 37-56]
Optimum height Estimation of the optimum upward continuation height for chromite prospecting at Hormozgan province [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 1-9]
Orthometric height A New Approach for Datum Transformation Based on Ellipsoidal Approximation and Simultaneous Estimation of the Height Correcting Surface Parameters [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 49-61]
Osku Evidence of active faulting in the Azarshahr-Tabriz fault zone of northwestern Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 53-68]
OSL dating Great Wall of Gorgan: OSL dating of part of the wall [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 45-59]
OSVRM method IOSVRM method for earth gravity field estimation using GOCE satel-lite gravimetric observations and comparison with Tikhonov and TSVD methods [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 141-152]
Overlay Evaluation of daily satellite rainfall product during high dense rainstorm for flood prediction over Iraq [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 45-58]
Overpressure Zone A review of Shallow Water Flows (SWF) and evaluation of this prob-lem by 3D seismic data in the South Caspian Basin, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 45-63]

P

Parallel computation Joint and simultaneous inversion of petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks using parallel niche generic algorithm [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 48-68]
Parametric criteria Parametric Criteria in Onsite Earthquake Early Warning System [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 29-39]
Parchin fault Source parameters of the October 17, 2009 Rey-Tehran Earthquake, Mw 4.3 [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 46-58]
Pardis new town Probabilistic seismic risk analysis of Pardis New Town [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 41-57]
Particle Swarm Optimization Improved particle swarm optimization for strong ground motion combination [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 161-169]
Particle Swarm Optimization Depth and shape factor estimation of gravity anomalies with simple geometery using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 1-17]
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Trend surface analysis using particle swarm optimization algorithm and L1 norm: a case study on gravity data of Neka in Mazandaran Province [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 49-58]
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Interpretation of electromagnetic induction data using particle swarm optimization method to determine the parameters of conductive sphere as a model of unexploded ordnance [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 231-240]
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Non-linear stochastic inversion of regional Bouguer anomalies by means of Particle Swarm Optimization: Application to the Zagros Mountains [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 10-21]
Passive seismic Investigating Low-Frequency Spectral Anomalies in Passive Seismic Data from the Dehdasht Area and Their Temporal Stability [(Articles in Press)]
PBL scheme Sensitivity of the WRF model surface wind simulations to initial conditions and planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes (case study: over Persian Gulf) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 14-31]
PDO Individual and coupled effects of the ENSO and PDO on autumnal dry and wet periods in the southern parts of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 92-109]
Peak Ground Acceleration Seismic zonation of peak ground acceleration in the damaged areas of 22 February 2005 Dahooiyeh-Zarand earthquake [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 79-89]
Peak Ground Acceleration Single station estimation of earthquake early warning parameters by using amplitude envelope curve [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 1-10]
Peak Ground Acceleration Evaluation of the Deterministic Seismic Hazard by using Fuzzy Inference System, Case Study: Tabriz city, Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 19-28]
Peak Ground Acceleration Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and disaggregation of seismic hazard in golestan and adjacent areas [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 143-159]
Peak ground motion parameters Seismic Amplification of Peak Ground Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement by Two-Dimensional Hills [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 68-81]
Peat Soil Geoelectrical Characterization of the Peat Soil at Klias Peninsula, Beaufort, Sabah (Malaysia) [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 27-44]
Performance Evaluation Evaluation of the groundwater potential of Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria, using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system optimized by three metaheuristic algorithms [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 47-78]
Permeability Estimation of permeability using uncertainty methods: type -2 fuzzy system [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 82-91]
Persian Gulf Investigating the climate change diagnostics over the north western parts of the Indian Ocean: The SST analysis for the period 1950-2009 [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 26-40]
Persian Gulf A synoptic-scale analysis of the episodes with and without precipitation in the southwest of Iran during the phase 1 of the MJO [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 73-87]
Persian Gulf Sensitivity of WRF model simulations to physical parameterization over the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea during summer monsoon [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 1-19]
Persian Gulf Sensitivity of the WRF model surface wind simulations to initial conditions and planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes (case study: over Persian Gulf) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 14-31]
Persian Gulf 3D Numerical Modelling of Shallow and Deep Water Currents in the Persian Gulf [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 69-85]
Persian Gulf A comparative numerical study of water circulation in the Persian gulf using different turbulence schemes [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 35-53]
Persian Gulf Simulation of sound propagation in the environment of the salt-fingering structure in the east of the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 105-125]
Persian Gulf Focal mechanism analysis and stress inversion: a comprehensive approach to understanding seismic activity of Qeshm island and its adjacent area [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 123-144]
Persian Gulf Divergent pathways of upper-ocean heat accumulation in the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman [(Articles in Press)]
Perturbation Assessment of the performance of the ensemble mean of an ensmble forecastiong system developed for the WRF model for weather prediction: A case study over the west part of Iran [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 141-155]
Petrophysical Analysis Formation evaluation of middle Miocene reservoirs via petrophysical analysis of well logging data; case study from Southern part of Gulf of Suez, Egypt [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 39-57]
Petrophysical Analysis A data-driven approach to reservoir characterization: machine learning and seismic Attribute integration in the penobscot field, Nova Scotia basin [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 153-165]
Petrophysical parameters Improving the prediction of reservoir porosity through a combination of iso-frequency component, instantaneous bandwidth and time gain seismic attributes: A case study on an oil field at Persian Gulf [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Petrophysical Well Logs A pattern recognition approach to reservoir modeling: comparative performance of CNN and gradient boosting in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs [(Articles in Press)]
Petrophysics Electrical resistivity monitoring of rock samples during uniaxial compression test [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 34-41]
PGA Soil Surface Modeling Analysis Using the HVSR Microtremor Method for Permanent Housing Development Plans in Mendala Village, Brebes Regency, Central Java [(Articles in Press)]
PGV Parametric Criteria in Onsite Earthquake Early Warning System [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 29-39]
Phase coherence Imaging strong lateral heterogeneities across the Caspian basin and northern Iran using body-to-surface wave scattering [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 121-135]
Photogrammetry Detection of Debris Landslides Induced by the 2021 Bandar Abbas Doublet Earthquakes Using InSAR and RGB Color Composite [(Articles in Press)]
Physical and Social Vulnerability Insights from the 2017 and 2020 Mw ~5 earthquakes around Tehran: Assessing seismicity and physical and social vulnerability [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 111-128]
Physical Modeling Investigation of jointed concrete specimens using compressional wave velocity and resistivity [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 25-35]
Physical Parameterization Determining Target and Control Areas in Operational Cloud Seeding Programs over Iran by Dispersion Simulation of Seeding Materials Using HYSPLIT Model [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 1-30]
Physicochemical Geoelectric investigation and physicochemical analysis of parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria, for groundwater quality assessment [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 167-186]
Physiological Equivalent Temperature Assessment of the tourism potential of the central plateau of Iran using a thermal stress analysis approach during warm and cold periods of the year [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 157-180]
PI and MPI method Assessing performances of pattern informatics method variants: a comparative analysis in Zagros, Iran [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 65-80]
Plankton Numerical simulations of seasonal changes of plankton and minerals in the north of Oman Sea using the ROMS-NPZD paired model [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 71-92]
Plaxis Software Earthquake effect on the Niayesh tunnel, north of Tehran megacity [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 47-62]
Pliocene Chi angle scan for investigating gas water contact of a Pliocene reservoir in the offshore East Nile Delta, Egypt [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 129-137]
Plume Plume rise simulation via hybrid RANS-LES CFD method in neutral atmospheric conditions [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 66-83]
PML Frequency domain finite-difference wave propagation modeling in 2D acoustic media [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-16]
Poincaré waves Numerical simulation of Poincaré waves using central and non-central compact schemes [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 47-67]
Point pattern statistics Pattern recognition of the spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters in the Zagros region (Iran) [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 53-68]
Poisson equation Identifying excavation damaged zones using2D electrical resistivity tomography modeling [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 42-54]
Poisson’s integral Truncation Error of Poisson’s Integral in Downward Continuation of Residual Gravity Anomalies [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 88-99]
Polar Night Jet The effect of critical latitudes on the waves breaking over the East Mediterranean and West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 119-140]
Polar Vortex The role of stratospheric circulations in climate anomalies of 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 winters [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 89-104]
Polar Vortex Analysis of the polar vortex oscillations in a shallow water model of the stratosphere using quasi−Lagrangian diagnostics [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 1-12]
Polar Vortex The effect of critical latitudes on the waves breaking over the East Mediterranean and West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 119-140]
Polyethylene Pipe Characterization of leachate flow using time lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) and resistivity survey (case study: geophysical test site of Shahrood University of Technology) [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 125-142]
Polynomial The monotone piecewise cubic Hermit interpolation and its application to coordinate transformation in numerical weather prediction models [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 21-38]
Pore Volume Porosity estimation of pore volume in one of the Persian Gulfâs hydrocarbon fields use multi-attribute analyses [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Porosity estimation Porosity estimation of pore volume in one of the Persian Gulfâs hydrocarbon fields use multi-attribute analyses [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Porphyry Identification of copper-gold porphyry mineralization zones using airborne magnetic data, a case study of the British Columbia study area, Canada [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 69-80]
Porphyry copper Coupled hydrogeophysical finite-element modeling of subsurface flow and ion diffusion for porphyry copper exploration [(Articles in Press)]
Poshtbadam Investigation of tectonic lineaments by using magnetic data in Poshtbadam area, Yazd province [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Post-processing Evaluation of the RegCM regional model in estimating potential evepotranspiration during the past climate and the period of 2021-2035: Case study of Mashhad [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Post-processing Evaluation of Deterministic Wind Speed Forecasting Output of Two Ensemble Post-Processing Methods [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 93-117]
Post-processing Satellite Based Communication between Land Surface Temperature and Biophysical Variables in the Jazmourian Catchment [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 119-135]
Post-processing Post–processing of WRF model for precipitable water using meteorological satellite data [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 37-55]
Post-seismic phase Studying post-seismic deformation 2010 Mw 6.5 Rigan earthquake in SW Iran using InSAR [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 96-108]
Potash exprolation Interpretation of two dimensional gravity data and its horizontal gradient using the reweighting focusing inversion method and common methods for depth in Aji-chay, East Azerbaijan province, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 105-124]
Potential Evapotranspiration Evaluation of the RegCM regional model in estimating potential evepotranspiration during the past climate and the period of 2021-2035: Case study of Mashhad [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Potential field Stable downward continuation of potential field data using Thikhoniv regularization for depth estimation of the mining bodies [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 49-66]
Potential field Balancing in edge detection of bodies and linear structures from potential filed anomalies [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 47-60]
Potential field Edge detection of potential field data using Theta maps [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 24-33]
Potential field Investigation of the relationship between upward continued potential fields and depth of the causative bodies: a case study from Gol-Gohar Iron ore mine [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1-12]
Potential field Using of remote sensing filters in processing of the potential filed images [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 34-50]
Potential field Interpretation of potential field anomalies using source parameter imaging method (SPI) [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 25-40]
Potential field Estimation of Source Location Using Curvature Analysis [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 79-92]
Potential field Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of high-resolution gravity data of Ewekoro, Southwest Nigeria using source parameter imaging and Euler deconvolution techniques [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 1-16]
Potential field, edge detection, tilt angle, total horizontal gradient, resolution Using a new filter with high resolution to identify the edges of anomalies in the potential field data based on the thresholding of the tilt angle of the total horizontal gradient [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 85-100]
Power-line noise Application of minimum variance filters in power-line noise attenuation [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 79-88]
Power Spectra Study of the interrelationship between global climate indices at different time scales [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 199-214]
PPP Online Service Comparison of precise point positioning method using online services and open-source software [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 127-137]
P-Receiver function Variation of the Moho depth in some Iranian seismotectonic zones using P receiver functions [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 132-152]
P receiver functions Variations of the Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio beneath East Iran (Birjand) using P receiver function method [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 124-138]
Precepitable Water Monitoring of Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Precepitable Water (PW) in Iranian Atmosphere Using Aqua/AIRS Data [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 15-31]
Precipitable water Study of WRF model predictions for precipitable water and its relation with estimated precipitation by Tehran weather Radar [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Precipitable water Post–processing of WRF model for precipitable water using meteorological satellite data [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 37-55]
Precipitation Quality control of meteorological radar data using three-dimensional reflectivity [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 120-131]
Precipitation Individual and coupled effects of the ENSO and PDO on autumnal dry and wet periods in the southern parts of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 92-109]
Precipitation Study of WRF model predictions for precipitable water and its relation with estimated precipitation by Tehran weather Radar [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Precipitation Introducing the TRMM and Asfezariprecipitation database: A comparative study [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Precipitation Synoptic analysis of tropical cyclone Gonu and its impact in the Southeast of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Precipitation Application of multiple linear regression for post-processing of the RegCM4 model outputs in forecasting precipitation [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 19-33]
Precipitation Capability assessment of SDSM model in downscaling of temperature and precipitation in hot and dry climate (case study: Synoptic stations of Yazd and Tabass) [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 104-125]
Precipitation Evaluation of the accuracy of the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) data over Iran [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 95-113]
Precipitation Comparing the performance of the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and the combination of ICA with fuzzy logic system in daily precipitation forecasting [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 1-14]
Precipitation A synoptic-scale analysis of the episodes with and without precipitation in the southwest of Iran during the phase 1 of the MJO [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 73-87]
Precipitation Statistical post processing MRI-CGCM3 output for seasonal precipitation forecast over Khorasan-Razavi province, Iran [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 119-133]
Precipitation Total deformation and its spatial-temporal variability in atmospheric precipitable systems in a region including Iran [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 141-156]
Precipitation Effect of Mediterranean cyclogenesis centers on annual precipitation of Iran during 1960 to 2002 [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 91-105]
Precipitation Aerosol impact on precipitation under different relative humidities: A case study [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 135-155]
Precipitation Assessment of CMIP5 climate models with observed precipitation in Iran [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 40-53]
Precipitation Evaluation of GPM precipitation products and mapping soil moisture using SMAP data in the northwest of Iran [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 70-86]
Precipitation Performance of the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) with different physical parameterizations over Iran: A case study in 2010 [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 132-151]
Precipitation Evaluation of a WRF model multi-physics ensemble forecasting system for simulation of precipitation over central region of Iran [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 13-38]
Precipitation A case study of the impact of aerosols on properties of clouds and precipitation under different relative humidity [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 33-46]
Precipitation Exploratory Analysis and Detection of In-homogeneities in Temperature and Precipitation Series of Meteorological Stations in Iran (Period 1959-2018) [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 213-233]
Precipitation Forecasting of monthly precipitation based on ensemble approach using CFSv2-WRF model over Iran (case study: October 2019 to April 2020) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 129-145]
Precipitation Assessment of spatio-temporal variation of net terrestrial ecosystem CO2 exchange over west Asia and around the Mediterranean sea (1982-2019) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 245-261]
Precipitation Forecasting the average monthly rainfall in the northwest of Iran using teleconnections and machine learning [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 77-90]
Precipitation Evaluation of spatio-temporal accuracy of precipitation estimation of ERA-5 database over Iran [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 27-46]
Precipitation Clustering-based semi-local estimation of BMA and EMOS models for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting [(Articles in Press)]
Precipitation and Temperature A multi‑criteria framework (Entropy–TOPSIS) for selecting optimal CMIP6 model–method combinations for precipitation and temperature bias correction in northeastern Iran [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 131-155]
Precipitation anomaly Autumn Rainfall Anomalies and Regional Atmospheric Circulation along Establishment of Weak La Nina after Strong El Nino in Iran [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 1-15]
Precipitation, drought, Thiessen polygon method, cluster analysis, trend, Sen&‌rsquo Regionalization, temporal-spatial characteristics, and trend of changes in precipitation and drought in Iran [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 205-240]
Precipitation intensity Projection of precipitation intensity in Iran using NEX-GDDP by multi-model ensemble approach [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 47-68]
Precise Point positioning (PPP) Comparison of precise point positioning method using online services and open-source software [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 127-137]
Prediction-focused approach Contaminant plume modeling in aquifers through prediction-focused approach and geoelectrical data [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 137-148]
Predominant frequency Site characterization of the source microtremors using the H/V method [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Presplit blasting Numerical and field analysis of wave propagation and cracks caused by presplit blasting in conglomerate rock mass at Gotvand Olya dam [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 49-65]
Pressure patterns Influence of monthly pressure anomalies on autumnal precipitation in the northern coastline of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 82-101]
Pressure Wave Investigating the effect of the device parameters and geometric characteristics of the sample on the pressure wave velocity in travertine rock samples [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 126-142]
Principal component analysis Seismic facies analysis based on hierarchical clustering of seismic attributes: A case study of an Iranian oilfield [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Principal component analysis Identification of the temperature regimes of Iran using multivariate methods [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 15-35]
Principal component analysis Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a machine learning algorithm to identify seismic horizons in hydrocarbon reservoirs [(Articles in Press)]
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment by considering the effects of near-field directivity (A case study of Kermanshah region, Iran) [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 107-122]
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) Sensitivity Analysis of Seismic Hazard for the Gowk Fault to Variations in Slip Rate and Site Distance [(Articles in Press)]
Probability of detection Nowcasting of convection initiation using satellite data [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 1-22]
Probability tomography Subsurface bodies imagingusing the probability tomography method forgravity data [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Process Assessment of CMIP5 climate models with observed precipitation in Iran [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 40-53]
Pseudo section Geoelectric investigation and physicochemical analysis of parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria, for groundwater quality assessment [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 167-186]
Psha Seismic hazard disaggregation for Firoozkouh city [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 88-102]
PSOES A fast implementation of stochastic 1D elastic seismic full-waveform inversion [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 95-110]
P-Sv waves Modeling of amplitude and phase variations of converted waves versus offset and VP/VS ratio [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 67-92]
Pulse Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment by considering the effects of near-field directivity (A case study of Kermanshah region, Iran) [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 107-122]
Pulse-Like Record The V/H response spectral ratio of near fault field earthquakes according to Iran's data [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 21-38]
Pushover analysis A comparative study of seismic performance evaluation existing methods EBF systems with intermediate link beam [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 105-118]
P wave Parametric Criteria in Onsite Earthquake Early Warning System [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 29-39]
P-wave acoustic impedance Determining the area of reservoir using simultaneous inversion of seismic data [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 45-56]
P-Wave Receiver Function Estimation of shear wave velocity structure and Moho depth variations in the southeast of Iran, based on joint inversion of surface waves dispersion and P-wave receiver function [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 112-127]
P-waves Estimation of P-waves frequency dependence of quality factor in Qeshm Island [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 110-118]
P-wave velocity Estimation of Vp -Vs correlation and determination of elastic modulus for Kangan and Dalan Formations in South Pars field [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 71-81]
P-wave velocity Crustal and Sedimentary Basin Structure in Western Alborz and Tarom Ranges, Derived From Autocorrelation of Ambient Seismic Noise [(Articles in Press)]
PWV Evaluation of GPS RO derived precipitable water vapor against ground-based GPS observations over Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 85-100]

Q

QBO Impact of the solar cycle on the stratosphere and its modulation by the quasi-biennial oscillation [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 1-20]
Qeshm Estimation of P-waves frequency dependence of quality factor in Qeshm Island [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 110-118]
Qeshm Estimation of quality factor for SH waves in Qeshm Island, using aftershocks of 27 November 2005 [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 127-140]
Qeshm Island Stress mapping, focal mechanism display and stress tensor inversion in Qeshm Island, Southern Iran [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 53-69]
Qeshm Island Focal mechanism analysis and stress inversion: a comprehensive approach to understanding seismic activity of Qeshm island and its adjacent area [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 123-144]
Q factor and QP/QS ratio Comparison of Castagna’s relation with DSI data for estimation of Vp/VS [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 112-123]
Q index Investigation of the relationship between upward continued potential fields and depth of the causative bodies: a case study from Gol-Gohar Iron ore mine [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 1-12]
Qom salt dom Edge detection of gravity anomalies by enhanced mathematical morphology filter [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 22-32]
Qotrum Gravity–Geoelectric joint inversion to recognize the bedrock structure of aquifers (case study: part of Qotrum plain in Iran) [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 67-82]
Quality Control Quality control of measured surface Ozone at the Tehran city stations using a new sStatistical software [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 141-150]
Quality factor Estimation of quality factor of coda waves in Makran region, southeast of Iran [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Quality factor Estimation of the quality factor of shear waves and Coda waves in the Hormuzgan region of southern Iran [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 111-131]
Quality factor Quality factor determination using time-scale and time-frequency transforms [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 19-32]
Quality factor Estimation of compressional and shear wave quality factor in North West of Iranian Plateau [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 97-111]
Quality factor Attenuation of ground-motion spectral amplitudes in the NW Iran [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 128-141]
Quality factor Estimation of Coda wave attenuation in NW Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 156-170]
Quality factor Estimation of quality factor for SH waves in Qeshm Island, using aftershocks of 27 November 2005 [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 127-140]
Quality factor Estimation of kinematic source parameters and frequency independent shear wave quality factor around Bushehr [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 21-32]
Quality factor Investigation of frequency dependence of seismic coda wave quality factor in the east-northeast of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 147-162]
Quality factor Estimation of shear wave quality factor and geometrical spreading applying the generalized inversion technique (GIT) for northern Zagros [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 119-131]
Quasi-Biennial oscillation Comparison of wave breaking over Europe and Mediterranean region: wave activity aspects [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 83-101]
Quasigeostrophic potential vorticity The Earth surface and the tropopause wind shear effects on baroclinic instability [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 114-127]
Quasigeostrophic potential vorticity Revisiting wintertime budget of local finite-amplitude wave activity in the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 1-24]
Quasi-geostrophic Potential vorticity The effect of critical latitudes on the waves breaking over the East Mediterranean and West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 119-140]

R

Radar interferometry Assessment of Land Subsidence Using Radar Interferometry in the Sahneh, Kangavar, Chamchamal, Mianrahan, and Sonqor Plains and Its Relationship with Groundwater Resources [(Articles in Press)]
Radial anisotropy Surface wave tomography and radial anisotropy using seismic interferometry in the Cental Alborz [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 183-197]
Radial trace transform Ground-roll noise suppression by combining the local radial trace and mean filtering [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 1-12]
Radiation The Tempo-Spatial Variations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) in Iran (1988-2017) [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 73-85]
Radiation Application of machine learning algorithms to estimate solar radiation (case study: arid and semi-arid climate) [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 25-39]
Radiation Zoning Searching suitable areas for installing solar panels in Golestan province using observation, ERA5 and GEOS-5 data [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 163-184]
Radon concentration Preliminary investigation of the variation of radon concentration in the Jowshan hot spring in the SE of Iran as a precursor for the M 4.9 Shahdad and M 4.3 Sirch earthquakes on May, 2009 [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 30-39]
Rafsanjan station Comparing the performance of the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and the combination of ICA with fuzzy logic system in daily precipitation forecasting [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 1-14]
Rainstorm Recognition of patterns and synoptic analysis of rainstorm in western Iran based on thermodynamic instability indices: A case study of Ah-vaz [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 101-112]
Random forest Forecasting the average monthly rainfall in the northwest of Iran using teleconnections and machine learning [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 77-90]
Random noise Enhancing Random Noise Attenuation in Seismic Data Using a Hurst Exponent-Weighted Adaptive Time-Frequency Peak Filter [(Articles in Press)]
Random noises Seismic random noise attenuation by combining the time-frequency transform and empirical mode decomposition [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 126-139]
Random noise suppression Random noise suppression in seismic data by empirical mode decomposition [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 61-68]
Rapid Subsidence A review of Shallow Water Flows (SWF) and evaluation of this prob-lem by 3D seismic data in the South Caspian Basin, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 45-63]
Rayleigh wave A Seismic investigation of the upper crustal structure of the Iranian plateau [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 115-126]
Rayleigh waves Detecting the depth and thickness of weak layer in soil media using phase velocity spectrum and theoretical dispersion curve of rayleigh wave [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 57-77]
Rayleigh waves Investigation of shear wave velocity model beneath east of Iran from Rayleigh waves tomography [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 161-181]
Rayleigh waves, neighborhood algorithm, 3D tomography, Qeshm island, Zagros Three-dimensional rayleigh wave tomography of the Gavarzin salt dome, Qeshm island: structural insights from aftershocks of the 2005 M 6.0 Qeshm earthquake [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 33-51]
RayMan Pro Assessment of the tourism potential of the central plateau of Iran using a thermal stress analysis approach during warm and cold periods of the year [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 157-180]
Razak fault Characterizing two basement strike-slip faults in the Zagros Mountains; Razak and West Mand faults [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 79-92]
RCP8.5 scenario Projected changes in winter-time storm trcaks over Atlantic-Mediterranian-Southwest Asia using the MPI-ESM-LR model for RCP8.5 scenario in CMIP5 [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 1-18]
RDWT Random noise attenuation by rational-dilation wavelet transform [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Reanalysis Data Comparison of ERA5-Land reanalysis data with surface observations over Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 195-212]
Red Sea Determination of humidity sources and accurate trajectory of moist air mass effective on heavy rainfalls in west and south of Iran (case study: flooding events of October and November 2015) [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 50-63]
Red Sea Trough Investigating the effect of PV streamer on the activity of the Red Sea trough using the WRF model (case study) [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-25]
Reduce to Pole Imaging OjatAbad iron ore using magnetic data [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 61-72]
RegCM Analysis of the nature and structure of Sistan wind [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 83-109]
RegCM4 Application of multiple linear regression for post-processing of the RegCM4 model outputs in forecasting precipitation [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 19-33]
RegCM model Evaluation of the RegCM regional model in estimating potential evepotranspiration during the past climate and the period of 2021-2035: Case study of Mashhad [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Regional Climate Model (RegCM) Performance of the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) with different physical parameterizations over Iran: A case study in 2010 [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 132-151]
Regression Atmospheric stability analysis and its correlation with the concentration of air pollutants: A case study of a critical air pollution episode in Tehran [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Regression Feasibility study of Gusty wind prediction using data mining and regression based on the sum of limited field data [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 47-70]
Regression method Comparison of Multi-Layer Perceptron artificial neural network and Linacre regression model performance for predicting daily minimum temperature (Case study: Kerman, Shiraz, Rasht and Hamedan) [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 107-121]
Reinforced Soil The Effect of Earthquake Frequency Content on the Stability of Geocell-Reinforced Soils [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 151-169]
Relative humidity The impacts of climate change on the essential climate variables (ECVs) in Iran [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 1-17]
Relocation Relocation of the aftershocks of Mohamad Abad Rigan Earthquake December 20, 2010, (Mn = 6.5) using a nonlinear method [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 96-111]
Remote Sensing Using of remote sensing filters in processing of the potential filed images [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 34-50]
Remote Sensing The Tempo-Spatial Variations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) in Iran (1988-2017) [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 73-85]
Remote Sensing Haditha region hydrological aspects extraction using remote sensing and GIS techniques [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 65-75]
Remote Sensing Application of high spatial resolution optical imageries in active fault investigations: the north Zanjan fault [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 79-106]
Remote Sensing Assessment of Land Subsidence Using Radar Interferometry in the Sahneh, Kangavar, Chamchamal, Mianrahan, and Sonqor Plains and Its Relationship with Groundwater Resources [(Articles in Press)]
Renewable Energy Investigating the effect of thermal loading on geothermal piles in stratified soils [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 17-28]
RES2DINV Geoelectric investigation and physicochemical analysis of parts of Niger Delta, Nigeria, for groundwater quality assessment [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 167-186]
Reservoir Reservoir evaluation and hydrocarbon play assessment in a Niger Delta field [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 113-122]
Reservoir characterization Similarity map and its applications for determination of areas with high hydrocarbon exploration potential [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 112-123]
Reservoir characterization Effective porosity estimation using multiattribute analysis [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-18]
Reservoir characterization Rock physics modeling of the effect of petrophysical parameters on seismic wave attenuation due to squirt flow in porous fractured media based on the T-matrix method [(Articles in Press)]
Reservoir Zone Identification of subsurface structures and potential reservoir zones of geothermal filds based on gravitr data analysis in the Karaha-Cakrana area, west Java [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 63-76]
Residual gravity Interpretation of two dimensional gravity data and its horizontal gradient using the reweighting focusing inversion method and common methods for depth in Aji-chay, East Azerbaijan province, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 105-124]
RESIP2DMODE RESIP2DMODE: A MATLAB-Based 2D Resistivity and Induced Polarization Forward Modeling Software [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 60-78]
Resistivity Prospecting the Doroh mining Index using inverse modeling of geophysical data (M, Rs, IP) [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 59-77]
Resistivity 2D Inversion and interpretation of electromagnetic array profiling (EMAP) data [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 64-78]
Resistivity RESIP2DMODE: A MATLAB-Based 2D Resistivity and Induced Polarization Forward Modeling Software [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 60-78]
Resistivity Geoelectrical Characterization of the Peat Soil at Klias Peninsula, Beaufort, Sabah (Malaysia) [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 27-44]
Resistivity Application of 2D inversion of apparent resistivity and RQD data in identification of granite massif quality [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1-17]
Resolution Improving Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) forward modeling approach using the numerical finite difference method [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Resolution Detection of buried channel using the deconvolutive short time Fourier transform [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 85-95]
Resolution Quantitative investigation of effective parameters on resolution and penetration depth of magnetic resonance sounding data using singular value decomposition of forward function [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 11-33]
Response Spectra Investigation of the Dynamic Properties Effect of Site on Seismic Ground Response in Analysis and Design of Buildings [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 56-71]
Response Spectrum Simulation of historical earthquakes on 1st January 958 A.D., Mw = 6.3 and 1st Apr. 1150 A.D., Mw = 6.1 using the aftershocks data of 27 Nov. 2017 with Mw=7.3 by Empirical Green's Function Method [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 93-104]
Return period Probabilistic seismic risk analysis of Pardis New Town [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 41-57]
Reweighting focusing inversion method Interpretation of two dimensional gravity data and its horizontal gradient using the reweighting focusing inversion method and common methods for depth in Aji-chay, East Azerbaijan province, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 105-124]
RGB Color Compositing Detection of Debris Landslides Induced by the 2021 Bandar Abbas Doublet Earthquakes Using InSAR and RGB Color Composite [(Articles in Press)]
Rheology Investigation of the effect of rheology on the upper plate deformation in subduction systems via numerical simulation: Insight into the Eocene Neothetys subduction in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 171-190]
Richardson Number Prediction of the clear air turbulence over western Iran (Tehran–Ahwaz and Tehran–Ardebil) using the WRF model simulations [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 120-143]
Rigan Relocation of the aftershocks of Mohamad Abad Rigan Earthquake December 20, 2010, (Mn = 6.5) using a nonlinear method [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 96-111]
Rigan earthquake Studying post-seismic deformation 2010 Mw 6.5 Rigan earthquake in SW Iran using InSAR [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 96-108]
Rigan region Locating earthquakes in local network by time reversal method in Rigan region [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
RMS The nonlinear modelling ofÂ gravity data using estimated depths from all s-values for each shape factor [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
ROC diagram Assessing performances of pattern informatics method variants: a comparative analysis in Zagros, Iran [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 65-80]
Rock-alluvium contact Investigation of two interpretations of a fault in northern Tehran [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 19-33]
Rock Physics Evaluating the variation of seismic parameters due to fluid substitution in a carbonate reservoir [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Rock Physics A closer look at rock physics models and their assisted interpretation in seismic exploration [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 71-84]
Rock properties/attributes Reservoir evaluation and hydrocarbon play assessment in a Niger Delta field [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 113-122]
Rock Quality Designation (RQD) Application of 2D inversion of apparent resistivity and RQD data in identification of granite massif quality [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 1-17]
ROMS-NPZD Numerical simulations of seasonal changes of plankton and minerals in the north of Oman Sea using the ROMS-NPZD paired model [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 71-92]
Rossby wave The impact of rapid Arctic warming on weather patterns in West Asia [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 99-116]
Rossby wave activity flux Dynamical analysis of rossby wave propagation, convergence, and jet stream variability during widespread winter dry periods in Iran [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 145-166]
Rossby wave breaking Investigating the effect of PV streamer on the activity of the Red Sea trough using the WRF model (case study) [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 1-25]
Rossby-wave breaking Application of the split jet and Rossby-wave breaking indices to study the critical air pollution episodes in Tehran during Nov. and Dec. 2010 [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Rossby wave Refractive index Detecting reflective, absorptive and propagative states of the upward propagating Rossby waves [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 23-37]
Rossby waves Dynamical analysis of rossby wave propagation, convergence, and jet stream variability during widespread winter dry periods in Iran [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 145-166]
Rotational invariant New Improvement in Interpretation of Gravity Gradient Tensor Data Using Eigenvalues and Invariants: An Application to Blatchford Lake, Northern Canada [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 33-49]
Roudan Estimation of the optimum upward continuation height for chromite prospecting at Hormozgan province [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 1-9]
RTP Interpretation of the magnetic anomalies of the western mines of Sangan Ironstone using geology and borehole data [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 87-109]
RTP Subsurface lithological interpretation of the landslide-prone Cipendawa area, Cianjur (Indonesia), using 2D and 3D inversion of aeromagnetic data [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 25-42]
RTTOV Correction and assessment of dust sources in WRF/Chem, caused by wind erosion, over West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 1-24]
Runge-Kutta Numerical solution of two-dimensional advection equation in spherical geometry using the fourth-order compact MacCormack scheme on a Yin-Yang grid [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 36-50]
Runge-Kutta Comparison of numerical solution of the spherical two-dimensional advection equation using three types of Yin–Yang grid [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 1-12]
Rupture characteristics Rupture characteristics of the 2012 earthquake doublet in Ahar-Varzagan region using the Empirical Green Function method [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 81-92]
Rupturerupture Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment by considering the effects of near-field directivity (A case study of Kermanshah region, Iran) [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 107-122]
RX- mode A simulation study of RX-mode waves generation in the equatorial plasmasphere [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 1-10]
Rydberg atom Supramolecular and the effect of microwave solar radiation on the ionosphere in the formation of water vapor clusters [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 171-181]

S

Sabalanvolcano Determination of the boundaries of Sabalan geothermal reservoirs using 1D and 2D inversion of the magnetotelluric data [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 104-117]
Saghand iron ore Geological and geophysical exploration of Saghand iron deposit [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 116-132]
Salt dome Identification and modeling of salt dome in seismic data using three-dimensional texture gradient [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 19-33]
Salt dome Interpretation of two dimensional gravity data and its horizontal gradient using the reweighting focusing inversion method and common methods for depth in Aji-chay, East Azerbaijan province, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 105-124]
Salt dome Using the grey wolf optimization algorithm for estimating parameters of buried geometric objects with gravity data: A case study - Humble salt dome [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 59-77]
Salt-Fingering Simulation of sound propagation in the environment of the salt-fingering structure in the east of the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 105-125]
Sampling Inversion of spectral induced polarization data for Cole–Cole parameters using simulated annealing algorithm [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 78-92]
Sampling Investigating the effective factors in OSL dating sampling [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 27-46]
Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone Variation of the Moho depth in some Iranian seismotectonic zones using P receiver functions [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 132-152]
Sangan iron ore mine Interpretation of the magnetic anomalies of the western mines of Sangan Ironstone using geology and borehole data [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 87-109]
Sar-Cheshme A normalized statistics method in edge detection of potential field anomalies [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 46-56]
Sarpol-e Zahab Analysis of temporal variations in seismicity and Its relationship with major earthquakes in the Kermanshah region (2013-2018) [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 155-173]
Sarpol-e Zahab County (Iran) Impact of an Earthquake Sequence on Sex Ratio at Birth in Sarpol-e Zahab County [(Articles in Press)]
Sarpol-e-Zahab earthquake Numerical modeling of mountain front fault (MFF) in the event of earthquake on November 12, 2017 Sarpol-e-Zahab by boundary element method [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 77-99]
Sarpol Zahab Investigation of the seismic parameter b value and the fractal seismicity dimension (Dc value) in relation to the 2017 Sarpol Zahab–Ezgeleh earthquake [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 1-16]
Sarulla Geothermal System Upveiling subsurface structures of the Sarulla geothermal field of north Sumatera through satellite -based gravity modeling [(Articles in Press)]
Sarvak Formation Application of Hadamard Transform for reservoir lithofacies discrimination [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1-11]
SATE Evaluation of unstable points detection methods in geodetic GNSS-based networks [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 175-192]
Satellite data Dust storms in west and southwest Iran and their impact on radiation fluxes: A case study [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 75-89]
Satellite data Nowcasting of convection initiation using satellite data [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 1-22]
Satellite Gravity Spatial reconstruction of geological features distribution based on remote sensing model using convolutional neural network algorithm in Patuha geothermal field, Indonesia [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 85-104]
Satellite Gravity Modelling Upveiling subsurface structures of the Sarulla geothermal field of north Sumatera through satellite -based gravity modeling [(Articles in Press)]
Satellite Imagery Spatial reconstruction of geological features distribution based on remote sensing model using convolutional neural network algorithm in Patuha geothermal field, Indonesia [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 85-104]
Satellite Imagery Identification of subsurface structures in the geothermal manifestation area of mountain pusuk buhit samosir district, north Sumatra province using gravity method [(Articles in Press)]
Satellite precipitation Comparison of high-resolution gridded monthly satellite and ground-based precipitation data over Iran [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 149-160]
Satellite precipitation Evaluation of daily satellite rainfall product during high dense rainstorm for flood prediction over Iraq [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 45-58]
Saturation Determining the quality of reservoir of Ghar-Asmari by using prestack inversion in one of the fields in Iran [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 55-73]
Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter GPR noise reduction by TVD and TVD-EMD [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 71-87]
S band Quality control of meteorological radar data using three-dimensional reflectivity [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 120-131]
Scatterer Imaging strong lateral heterogeneities across the Caspian basin and northern Iran using body-to-surface wave scattering [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 121-135]
Scheme Sensitivity of WRF model in simulating wind zonal and meridional components in Tehran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 207-229]
Schist Belt Structural deformation analysis of parts of Nigeria's southwestern precambrian basement complex using gradient techniques [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 193-209]
Schlumberger array Subsurface structural characterization of the Chooman Dam site using geoelectric method [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 22-30]
Schwarz’s inequality Subsurface bodies imagingusing the probability tomography method forgravity data [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
SDSM model Capability assessment of SDSM model in downscaling of temperature and precipitation in hot and dry climate (case study: Synoptic stations of Yazd and Tabass) [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 104-125]
Sea of Oman Divergent pathways of upper-ocean heat accumulation in the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman [(Articles in Press)]
Sear wave Imaging strong lateral heterogeneities across the Caspian basin and northern Iran using body-to-surface wave scattering [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 121-135]
Seasonal change Investigation of UV erythema radiation and total ozone for the city of Tehran during the period of 2013-2023 [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 47-59]
Seasonal hiding place The physical properties of the deep trench of the south of Greater Tunb island [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 61-73]
Secondary phase How to read the reflection phases of Moho [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 109-128]
Sedimentary basin A Seismic investigation of the upper crustal structure of the Iranian plateau [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 115-126]
Sediment transport Port wave data simulation in Zarabad using Mike21 and data modification with artificial neural network [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 139-155]
Sediment transport The 2D numerical simulation of fine-grained marine sediment transport in the channel of the Bushehr Port [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 119-130]
Seepage Geoelectrical investigation of seepage beneath the tailing dam areas of Miduk Copper Mine [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 119-134]
Seismic Seismic vulnerability estimation based on shear strain analysis at Mount Gamalama, Indonesia [(Articles in Press)]
Seismic Amplitude Ratio Analysis (SARA) Volcano monitoring with simultaneous analysis of amplitude ratio and velocity of ambient seismic noise [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 216-229]
Seismic attribute Seismic facies analysis based on hierarchical clustering of seismic attributes: A case study of an Iranian oilfield [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Seismic attribute Improving the prediction of reservoir porosity through a combination of iso-frequency component, instantaneous bandwidth and time gain seismic attributes: A case study on an oil field at Persian Gulf [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Seismic attribute Similarity map and its applications for determination of areas with high hydrocarbon exploration potential [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 112-123]
Seismic attribute Identification and modeling of salt dome in seismic data using three-dimensional texture gradient [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 19-33]
Seismic attributes Detection of buried channel using the deconvolutive short time Fourier transform [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 85-95]
Seismic attributes Prediction of reservoir porosity distribution from seismic attributes using NEFPROX neuro-fuzzy model in the Gorgan Basin [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-15]
Seismic attributes Applying neuro-fuzzy model to estimate reservoir properties using seismic attributes - A case study in a hydrocarbon reservoir in central Iran [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 84-95]
Seismic attributes Application of seismic methods in study of appreciate growth condition and occurrence of gas hydrate in Oman Sea [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 65-78]
Seismic attributes Introduction SeisART software application for seismic facies analysis with combining artificial intelligence and interpreter knowledge [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 64-77]
Seismic attributes Presenting an integrated strategy for porosity mapping in a genetic-based seismic inversion framework in a heterogeneous reservoir [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 41-65]
Seismic attributes Hydrocarbon zone identification using support vector machine learning method [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 47-57]
Seismic attributes Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a machine learning algorithm to identify seismic horizons in hydrocarbon reservoirs [(Articles in Press)]
Seismic data processing Enhancing Random Noise Attenuation in Seismic Data Using a Hurst Exponent-Weighted Adaptive Time-Frequency Peak Filter [(Articles in Press)]
Seismic event source localization, cross-correlation, XGBoost, SVM Estimating the location of induced seismic sources using seismic station records and artificial intelligence [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 75-95]
Seismic facies analysis Introduction SeisART software application for seismic facies analysis with combining artificial intelligence and interpreter knowledge [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 64-77]
Seismic Ground Response Investigation of the Dynamic Properties Effect of Site on Seismic Ground Response in Analysis and Design of Buildings [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 56-71]
Seismic hazard Calculation of magnitude M1 for earthquakes in the Tehran region [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 1-11]
Seismic hazard Evaluation of the Deterministic Seismic Hazard by using Fuzzy Inference System, Case Study: Tabriz city, Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 19-28]
Seismic hazard Evidence of active faulting in the Azarshahr-Tabriz fault zone of northwestern Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 53-68]
Seismic hazard Site-specific response spectrum estimation for type III soil in Kish island [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 53-68]
Seismic Hazard Analysis Estimation of Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS) in Zagros, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 21-31]
Seismic hazard assessment Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for 8 densely-populated cities of Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 139-157]
Seismic hazard assessment Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and disaggregation of seismic hazard in golestan and adjacent areas [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 143-159]
Seismic horizon picking Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a machine learning algorithm to identify seismic horizons in hydrocarbon reservoirs [(Articles in Press)]
Seismic interferometry Surface wave tomography and radial anisotropy using seismic interferometry in the Cental Alborz [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 183-197]
Seismicity Polyphase Inversion Tectonics in Western Alborz Mountains, Northern Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 79-88]
Seismicity Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for 8 densely-populated cities of Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 139-157]
Seismicity Evaluation of seismic stress change in the Makran zone [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 191-205]
Seismicity Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and disaggregation of seismic hazard in golestan and adjacent areas [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 143-159]
Seismicity Pattern recognition of the spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters in the Zagros region (Iran) [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 53-68]
Seismicity Investigating seismic stress changes in the South Zagros [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 21-46]
Seismicity Evaluation of crustal stress from estimation of b-value based on tectonic regions in the north part of the Zagros in Iran [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 1-23]
Seismicity Comparison of seismic stress changes in southern Zagros and Makran zones [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 157-182]
Seismicity Analysis of temporal variations in seismicity and Its relationship with major earthquakes in the Kermanshah region (2013-2018) [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 155-173]
Seismicity Focal mechanism analysis and stress inversion: a comprehensive approach to understanding seismic activity of Qeshm island and its adjacent area [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 123-144]
Seismicity of Tehran Investigation of seismicity, morphology and focal mechanism of important earthquakes of Tehran [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 111-134]
Seismicity pattern Fractal nature of seismicity pattern prior to the 2022 Hormozgan Doublet earthquakes, southeast Iran [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 31-42]
Seismicity, relocation, tectonics, NW Iran, east Turkey Reapprisal of seismotectonics of northwest Iran and east Turkey [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 111-146]
Seismic lines Structural interpretation of the Strait of Hormuz by using seismic lines and well data [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 132-143]
Seismic moment rate Estimation of earthquake occurrence rate based on the crust deformation of Iran [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 151-166]
Seismic monitoring Insights from the 2017 and 2020 Mw ~5 earthquakes around Tehran: Assessing seismicity and physical and social vulnerability [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 111-128]
Seismic network Reliability of Seismic Data Recorded by Smartphone Accelerometers for Earthquake Engineering Applications [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 140-156]
Seismic noise Impact of distribution of seismic ambient noise sources on surface wave characteristics [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 1-14]
Seismic noise interferometry On the Diffusivity of Noise Data Recorded (2-8 Hz) at Stations Located in North-Western Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 89-99]
Seismic quiescence Temporal and spatial variations of seismicity parameters before the occurrence of MN≥5 earthquakes in northeast Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 67-84]
Seismic quiescence Analysis of temporal variations in seismicity and Its relationship with major earthquakes in the Kermanshah region (2013-2018) [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 155-173]
Seismic refraction data processing Improving the results of CMP-Refraction method by using GRM method [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 124-140]
Seismic reservoir monitoring Evaluating the variation of seismic parameters due to fluid substitution in a carbonate reservoir [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Seismic response Investigation of the most probable critical direction of November 12, 2017 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake records using Monte Carlo simulation [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 63-75]
Seismic response Effect of soil layering on resonance of alternating semi-circle and trapezoidal Hills [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 43-61]
Seismic Reversal Analysis of temporal variations in seismicity and Its relationship with major earthquakes in the Kermanshah region (2013-2018) [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 155-173]
Seismic Stress Temporal and spatial variations of seismicity parameters before the occurrence of MN≥5 earthquakes in northeast Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 67-84]
Seismic vulnerability Soil Surface Modeling Analysis Using the HVSR Microtremor Method for Permanent Housing Development Plans in Mendala Village, Brebes Regency, Central Java [(Articles in Press)]
Seismic wave attenuation Quality factor determination using time-scale and time-frequency transforms [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 19-32]
Seismic wave attenuation Rock physics modeling of the effect of petrophysical parameters on seismic wave attenuation due to squirt flow in porous fractured media based on the T-matrix method [(Articles in Press)]
Seismic waveform inversion A fast implementation of stochastic 1D elastic seismic full-waveform inversion [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 95-110]
Seismic Zonation Seismic zonation of peak ground acceleration in the damaged areas of 22 February 2005 Dahooiyeh-Zarand earthquake [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 79-89]
Seismology Kink transverse displacements in solar loops by a thin cylindrical model [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 75-94]
Seismotectonic Evaluation of tectonic activity effect in the Zagros fold and thrust belt by seismic/geodetic moment rate ratio [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 167-184]
Seismotectonics Pattern recognition of the spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters in the Zagros region (Iran) [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 53-68]
Seismotectonics Seismicity parameters and probability of earthquakes in the east of Iran (Lut block) [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 69-77]
Seismotectonics Evaluation of the statistical and spatial correlation between seismicity parameters and Bouguer anomaly in Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 1-17]
Seismotectonics Investigation of the seismic parameter b value and the fractal seismicity dimension (Dc value) in relation to the 2017 Sarpol Zahab–Ezgeleh earthquake [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 1-16]
Seismotectonic zonation Seismic zonation of Makran using Seismotectonic Approach [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 25-48]
Self-Organizing map A data-driven approach to reservoir characterization: machine learning and seismic Attribute integration in the penobscot field, Nova Scotia basin [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 153-165]
Self-potential Determination of parameters of self-potential anomalies using Hilbert transform method [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 26-34]
Self-potential Determination of depth and the half-width of an inclined plate self-potential anomaly using a second moving average window curves method [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 86-96]
Sensitivity analysis Sensitivity analysis of elastic models of coseismic gravity changes on the surface of Earth’s Crust to input parameters [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 73-94]
Sensitivity analysis Discretized Adjoint State Time and Frequency Domain Full Waveform Inversion: A Comparative Study [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 26-42]
Sensor Full magnetic tensor gradient survey with MEMS sensor, a case study on the Jafarkhan iron ore deposit [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 81-98]
Sen’S Slope Estimator The effects of Gotvand Dam construction on climatic parameters of temperature, humidity and precipitation [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 105-117]
Sentinel-1 Assessment of Land Subsidence Using Radar Interferometry in the Sahneh, Kangavar, Chamchamal, Mianrahan, and Sonqor Plains and Its Relationship with Groundwater Resources [(Articles in Press)]
Sequence Stratigraphy Constrained Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy of Asmari - Kajhdumi interval with well-log Data [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 82-94]
Sequential Floating Forward Selection Feature selection and prediction of Gusty wind with multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) at the airport auto station [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 33-52]
Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) Improvement the tropical cyclone forecasting process with effective features selection [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 67-82]
Severe deformation zone Assessment of Surface Fault Rupture Hazard of Short Faults Related to Earthquakes - Tehran [(Articles in Press)]
SEVIRI Modeling dust storm based on spectral dust indicators and artificial intelligence in Hormozgan province [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 39-57]
SEVIRI Dust RGB Correction and assessment of dust sources in WRF/Chem, caused by wind erosion, over West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 1-24]
Sex ratio at birth (SRB) Impact of an Earthquake Sequence on Sex Ratio at Birth in Sarpol-e Zahab County [(Articles in Press)]
SH Estimation of quality factor for SH waves in Qeshm Island, using aftershocks of 27 November 2005 [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 127-140]
Shahr-e Babak The study of magnetic structures using aeromagnetic data and investigating their relationship with porphyry copper mineralization in the Shahr-e Babak, Kerman province, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 85-96]
Shale gas Rock physics characterization of shale reservoirs: a case study [Volume 11, Issue 5, 2017-18, Pages 62-75]
Shallow Water Flow (SWF) A review of Shallow Water Flows (SWF) and evaluation of this prob-lem by 3D seismic data in the South Caspian Basin, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 45-63]
Shamal wind Study of the effect of low-level jets on genesis and transport of dust in the west and southwest of Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 1-19]
Shape Index Application of surface-derived attributes in determining boundaries of potential-field sources [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 57-71]
Shavaz Iron ore Stable downward continuation of potential field data using Thikhoniv regularization for depth estimation of the mining bodies [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 49-66]
Shear waves slowness Estimation of anisotropy parameter γ in Kangan and Dalan Formations by DSI in a well at South Pars field [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 139-150]
Shear wave velocity Estimation of shear wave velocity structure and Moho depth variations in the southeast of Iran, based on joint inversion of surface waves dispersion and P-wave receiver function [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 112-127]
Shear wave velocity Rayleigh wave group velocity modeling using Simulated Annealing algorithm and gravity data inversion to estimate the variations of Moho depth, shear wave velocity and density structure of the crust and upper mantle in Makran region [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 31-47]
Shear wave velocity A Seismic investigation of the upper crustal structure of the Iranian plateau [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 115-126]
Shear wave velocity Investigation and comparison of conventional methods for estimating shear wave velocity from well logging data in one of the sandstone reservoirs in southern Iran [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 23-35]
Shear wave velocity Investigation of shear wave velocity model beneath east of Iran from Rayleigh waves tomography [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 161-181]
Shear wave velocity Correlation between shear wave velocity and standard penetration test for Nowshahr and Chalus, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 37-52]
Shear wave velocity Velocity structure of the Iranian Makran subduction zone [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 63-79]
Shear-Wave Velocity Determination of two-dimensional shear-wave velocity profiles using single-station and array measurements of ambient noises in Hakimiyeh valley, Tehran, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 1-21]
Shear wave velocity profile Impact of distribution of seismic ambient noise sources on surface wave characteristics [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 1-14]
Shesh-Taraz River Determination of the slip rate in the Shesh-Taraz river on the Doruneh fault using histogram and minimum age OSL methods [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 14-29]
Short Faults Assessment of Surface Fault Rupture Hazard of Short Faults Related to Earthquakes - Tehran [(Articles in Press)]
Siahlat region Two-Dimensional modeling and compact inversion of magnetic data of Siahlat region along with mask signal approach [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 15-24]
Siberian high Examinination of dynamical and thermodynamical structures of the Siberian high pressure and its amplification during the period of 1948-2008 [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 107-127]
SIFT New approach for vertical deflection determination using digital Zenith cameras [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Signal processing Investigation of the application of wavelet transform to Geo-Radar with a case study of forensic geophysics in snow [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 91-110]
Silakhor Analysis of the causative fault during Silakhor earthquake, March 31, 2006 in Lorestan province [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 75-89]
Silakhur Aftershock analysis of the March 31, 2006 Silakhur Earthquake, Mw 6.1, using local data recorded by temporary seismic network [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 73-84]
Similarity map Similarity map and its applications for determination of areas with high hydrocarbon exploration potential [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 112-123]
Simple geometric shapes Using the grey wolf optimization algorithm for estimating parameters of buried geometric objects with gravity data: A case study - Humble salt dome [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 59-77]
Simulated Annealing Inversion of spectral induced polarization data for Cole–Cole parameters using simulated annealing algorithm [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 78-92]
Simulated Annealing Algorithm Rayleigh wave group velocity modeling using Simulated Annealing algorithm and gravity data inversion to estimate the variations of Moho depth, shear wave velocity and density structure of the crust and upper mantle in Makran region [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 31-47]
Simulation A simulation study of RX-mode waves generation in the equatorial plasmasphere [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 1-10]
Simulation Simulation of strong ground motion for the 2004 Firozabad Kojoor earthquake in northern Iran [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1-13]
Simulation Simulation of atmospheric dispersion and dose assessment by a coupled WRF-HYSPLIT model for Bushehr power plant [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 19-50]
Simulation A statistical–dynamical analysis of severe convective storms in Ahvaz [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 1-17]
SIMULPS14 2D local earthquake tomography of P-wave velocity in the upper crust of NW Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 33-48]
Single-point Analysis Evaluation of unstable points detection methods in geodetic GNSS-based networks [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 175-192]
Singular Spectrum Analysis Enhancing Random Noise Attenuation in Seismic Data Using a Hurst Exponent-Weighted Adaptive Time-Frequency Peak Filter [(Articles in Press)]
Singular Value Decomposition IOSVRM method for earth gravity field estimation using GOCE satel-lite gravimetric observations and comparison with Tikhonov and TSVD methods [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 141-152]
Singular Value Decomposition Estimation of the depth and boundary of gravity anomalies using improved Euler and phase congruency methods [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 91-106]
Singular Value Thresholding The detection of 11th of March 2011 Tohoku's TEC seismo-ionospheric anomalies using the Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) method [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 93-103]
Sinkhole Investigating and processing of ground penetrating radar (GPR) sections in order to identify high-risk areas of subsidence and sinkholes in the alluvial sedimentary plain of Abarkooh, Yazd [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 127-138]
Sisakht earthquake Investigation of anisotropy before and after Sisakht february 17, 2021 earthquake (Mn 5.4) using two independent methods: shear wave splitting and ambient noise interferometry [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 241-256]
Sistan low Analysis of the nature and structure of Sistan wind [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 83-109]
Sistan wind Analysis of the nature and structure of Sistan wind [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 83-109]
Site Effect Microtremor HVSR Study of Site Effects in Zanjan City (Iran) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 115-139]
Site Effect Application of Gustafson-Kessel algorithm in finding seismically co-pattern zones, A case study on Meybod city [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 67-77]
Site Effect Application of two-step GIT on source, path and site effects case study: Mw7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab great earthquake on 12 November 2017 [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 1-18]
Site Effect Correlation between shear wave velocity and standard penetration test for Nowshahr and Chalus, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 37-52]
Site Effect Site-specific response spectrum estimation for type III soil in Kish island [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 53-68]
Site Effect, amplification, semi-sinusoidal hill, layering, ricker wavelet A study of the effects of different layering characteristics on the response of two and three-layered semi-sine hills [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 101-120]
Site effects Site characterization of the source microtremors using the H/V method [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Site effects Impact of distribution of seismic ambient noise sources on surface wave characteristics [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 1-14]
Site effects Eliminating site effects from surface station secords and improving earthquake early warning parameters [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 59-72]
Site effects Projection of temperature and precipitation for 2020-2100 using post-processing of general circulation models output and artificial neu-ral network approach, case study: Tehran and Alborz provinces [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 123-140]
Site effects Determination of two-dimensional shear-wave velocity profiles using single-station and array measurements of ambient noises in Hakimiyeh valley, Tehran, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 1-21]
Site-Specific Response Spectrum Site-specific response spectrum estimation for type III soil in Kish island [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 53-68]
SKS phase Mantle anisotropy in the Central Alborz obtained from SKS analysis [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 1-12]
SKS splitting Investigation of the strength and trend of seismic anisotropy beneath the Zagros collision zone [Volume 11, Issue 5, 2017-18, Pages 76-87]
Slepian function The regional estimates of the GPS satellite and receiver differential code biases [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 31-41]
Slip Rate Determination of the slip rate in the Shesh-Taraz river on the Doruneh fault using histogram and minimum age OSL methods [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 14-29]
Slip Rate Investigation of the use of slip rate on time-independent seismic hazard macrozonation of Kerman region, west of Lut Block [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 36-62]
Slip Rate Sensitivity Analysis of Seismic Hazard for the Gowk Fault to Variations in Slip Rate and Site Distance [(Articles in Press)]
Slip Shear Stress Component Study of seismotectonic stress regime in Fars Province based on inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms data [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 1-16]
Slope Analysis of the relationship albedo with Elevation, slope, and Aspect in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 241-251]
Slope Landslide susceptibility mapping of Chilas area along Karakorum highway, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 69-84]
Small Strain Shear Stiffness A Review of Constitutive Modeling of Unsaturated Soils [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 81-128]
SMAP Evaluation of GPM precipitation products and mapping soil moisture using SMAP data in the northwest of Iran [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 70-86]
S-mode principal component analysis Identification of homogeneous precipitation sub-regions for Iran using principal component analysis [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 128-144]
Smooth inversion 3D smooth inversion of gravity data and estimation of optimum regularization parameter by unbiased predictive risk estimator (UPRE) method, case study: San Nicolas Sulfide Deposit, Mexico [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 183-194]
SMOS satellite Evaluation of brightness temperatures observations from SMOS microwave satellite in comparison with L-MEB model simulations data [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 92-106]
Snell’s law The preventive role of Snellâs law in mode conversion from Z- to whistler-mode waves in an inhomogeneous magnetoplasma with a low density [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 72-80]
Snow Investigation of the application of wavelet transform to Geo-Radar with a case study of forensic geophysics in snow [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 91-110]
Snow Cycle Changes in the snow cycle in the northern hemisphere: a multimodel analysis of global warming scenarios and climate engineering [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 181-200]
Snow depth Application of MERRA-2 to investigate changes in snow depth in high mountains of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 79-90]
Sobel attribute Faults detection in seismic reflection data using Sobel attribute [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 85-96]
Sodar Study of flow and turbulence in an atmospheric boundary layer in an area with complex topography (Tehran) [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 73-91]
Software Introduction SeisART software application for seismic facies analysis with combining artificial intelligence and interpreter knowledge [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 64-77]
Soil Investigation of the Dynamic Properties Effect of Site on Seismic Ground Response in Analysis and Design of Buildings [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 56-71]
Soil Improvement Shear strength parameters evaluation of sand reinforced with EVA based on direct shear test [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 121-139]
Soil strength Evaluation of friction angle in sand and cohesion in Clay based on SPT-N values in Jordan, Palestine, and the USA [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 105-118]
Soil type Site-specific response spectrum estimation for type III soil in Kish island [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 53-68]
Solar Activity Investigation of temporal changes of seismicity and magnetic parameters before earthquakes with a magnitude of around 6 in Iran in 2017 [(Articles in Press)]
Solar cycle Analyzing the relationship between solar magnetic polarity, solar wind velocity, and vertical magnetic field (Bz) [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 77-86]
Solar loops Kink transverse displacements in solar loops by a thin cylindrical model [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 75-94]
Solar Radiation Assessment of GIS ability in zonation of the seasonal and annual distribution of total solar radiation (Case study: Central provinces of Iran) [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Solar Radiation The effect of climatic parameters in the modeling of solar radiation using artificial intelligence (Case study: Yazd synoptic station) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 69-80]
Solar Radiation Supramolecular and the effect of microwave solar radiation on the ionosphere in the formation of water vapor clusters [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 171-181]
Solar Wind Solar dynamics and cosmic ray intensity: statistical analysis from 1986 to 2019 [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 59-70]
Solar Wind The investigation into the impacts of solar wind-magnetosphere interactions on ionospheric electron flux using machine learning [(Articles in Press)]
Solar wind velocity Analyzing the relationship between solar magnetic polarity, solar wind velocity, and vertical magnetic field (Bz) [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 77-86]
SOM 3D modeling of electro-facies using a geostatistical algorithm [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 129-151]
Soork Balancing in edge detection of bodies and linear structures from potential filed anomalies [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 47-60]
Sound signal Simulation of sound propagation in the environment of the salt-fingering structure in the east of the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 105-125]
Sound speed The physical properties of the deep trench of the south of Greater Tunb island [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 61-73]
Source effect, Site effect, Seismic parameters, Generalized inversion, Zagros Parametric estimation of S wave source spectra in a simple folded belt, the Zagros [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 39-57]
Source Mechanism North-West Bandar-Abbas earthquake doublet (Mw 6.1, 6.4) and its source identification [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 89-103]
Source Parameters Estimation of kinematic source parameters and frequency independent shear wave quality factor around Bushehr [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 21-32]
Source Parameters Application of two-step GIT on source, path and site effects case study: Mw7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab great earthquake on 12 November 2017 [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 1-18]
Source Parameters Coseismic Deformation Mapping of the 2020 Karakanja Earthquake in Tajikistan Using InSAR Observations [(Articles in Press)]
Source spectrum Estimation of kinematic source parameters and frequency independent shear wave quality factor around Bushehr [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 21-32]
South Caspian Crustal and lithospheric model of the Alborz, Central Iran and South Caspian Basin, using geoid and topographical data sets [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-11]
South Caspian basin Origin of the Gharnyaregh and Neftelijeh mud volcanoes in Gorgan plain, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 238-243]
Southeast of Iran Synoptic analysis of tropical cyclone Gonu and its impact in the Southeast of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Southeast of Iran Estimation of shear wave velocity structure and Moho depth variations in the southeast of Iran, based on joint inversion of surface waves dispersion and P-wave receiver function [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 112-127]
Southern Caspian Sea Investigation of physical properties and long coastal waves in the southern Caspian Sea [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 39-52]
Southern Caspian Sea Numerical modeling of physical properties, currents and eddies in the Southern Caspian Sea [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 69-82]
Southern Coasts of the Caspian Sea The investigation of atmospheric circulation patterns during wet and dry spells over the southern coast of the Caspian Sea [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 140-176]
Southern Gulf of Suez Formation evaluation of middle Miocene reservoirs via petrophysical analysis of well logging data; case study from Southern part of Gulf of Suez, Egypt [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 39-57]
Southern Iran Individual and coupled effects of the ENSO and PDO on autumnal dry and wet periods in the southern parts of Iran [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 92-109]
Southern Oscillation On the Madden-Julian Oscillations and El Niño-Southern Oscillation connection and their feedback on autumnal precipitation in Fars province, Iran [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 109-126]
Southern Zagros zone Comparison of seismic stress changes in southern Zagros and Makran zones [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 157-182]
South Pars gas field Estimation of Vp -Vs correlation and determination of elastic modulus for Kangan and Dalan Formations in South Pars field [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 71-81]
Southwest Asia A statistical-dynamical analysis of tropopause folds in the southwest Asia during 2000-2015 [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 127-146]
Southwest Asia Investigation of the relationship between the stratospheric polar vortex and dynamical tropopause structure in the southwest Asia along with two case studies [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 15-32]
Southwest Asia Distribution of tropospheric ozone over southwest Asia [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 185-204]
Southwest of Iran Synoptic pattern of extreme precipitation in southwestern Iran during warm season [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 83-104]
South Zagros Investigating seismic stress changes in the South Zagros [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 21-46]
Space weather Solar dynamics and cosmic ray intensity: statistical analysis from 1986 to 2019 [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 59-70]
S/P amplitude ratio Determining focal mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 2≤ Mn≤5 in Alborz region by using the polarity of P wave first motion and S/P amplitude ratios [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 122-144]
Spatial Statistics Pattern recognition of the spatial distribution of earthquake epicenters in the Zagros region (Iran) [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 53-68]
Spatial Statistics Evaluation of the statistical and spatial correlation between seismicity parameters and Bouguer anomaly in Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 1-17]
Special function Estimation of Source Location Using Curvature Analysis [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 79-92]
Spectral Acceleration Evaluation of spectral accelerations for Isfahan region and comparison of the results with the spectral acceleration of Iranian Building Code (Standard No. 2800) and IBC [Volume 9, Issue 1, 2015-16]
Spectral Acceleration Seismic hazard disaggregation for Firoozkouh city [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 88-102]
Spectral analysis A spectral analysis of Iran's droughts [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 28-47]
Spectral analysis Overlap of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) periodicities with periodicities of droughts and wet years of Iran [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 91-104]
Spectral analysis Evaluation of geothermal energy potential of parts of the Middle Be-nue trough Nigeria: aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric approach [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 37-52]
Spectral analysis Geo-morphological mapping of the basin configuration of parts of southern Nupe Basin, Nigeria, using high resolution aeromagnetic and core drill dataset [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 91-110]
Spectral anomaly Investigating Low-Frequency Spectral Anomalies in Passive Seismic Data from the Dehdasht Area and Their Temporal Stability [(Articles in Press)]
Spectral Element Method An investigation on the effect of topography on ground motion amplitudes, using 3D simulation of seismic waves in Tehran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 20-32]
Spectral induced polarization The effect of electromagnetic coupling parameters in spectral-induced polarization studies [Volume 10, Issue 3, 2016-17, Pages 77-94]
Spectral induced polarization Inversion of spectral induced polarization data for Cole–Cole parameters using simulated annealing algorithm [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 78-92]
Spectral ratio Investigating Low-Frequency Spectral Anomalies in Passive Seismic Data from the Dehdasht Area and Their Temporal Stability [(Articles in Press)]
Spectrogram Detection of buried channel using the deconvolutive short time Fourier transform [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 85-95]
SPEI Index Drought Prediction in Khuzestan Province Using Climate Teleconnection Indices and Machine Learning Methods at Multiple Timescales [(Articles in Press)]
Spheroid Analysis of spheroidal electromagnetic induction response as a model of unexploded ordnance [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 39-53]
Spheroid Estimation of conductive and non-conductive spherical geometrical parameters as a model of unexploded ordnance with electromagnetic induction data using genetic algorithm [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 67-82]
Spheroidal Geometric Parameters Estimation of conductive and non-conductive spherical geometrical parameters as a model of unexploded ordnance with electromagnetic induction data using genetic algorithm [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 67-82]
SPT Evaluation of friction angle in sand and cohesion in Clay based on SPT-N values in Jordan, Palestine, and the USA [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 105-118]
Squall line Impact of Assimilation of Radar Data on the Simulation of Squall Line Event [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 63-82]
SSP scenarios Projected temperature anomalies and trends in different climate zones in Iran based on CMIP6 [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 35-54]
SSP scenarios Changes in cold and hot days and nights indices in Iran using EC-Earth3 multi-model ensemble configurations [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 101-121]
Stability The Effect of Earthquake Frequency Content on the Stability of Geocell-Reinforced Soils [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 151-169]
Stability Analysis Investigation of landslide situation along the path of gas pipelines in Imamzadeh Hashem-Rudehen area of Tehran province, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 18-29]
Standard Deviation The near field explosion waveform modeling and important effective parameters [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 136-149]
Standard Deviation The use of vertical derivative filter with different orders in interpretation of potential fields anomalies [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 39-49]
Standard Euler Estimation of the depth and boundary of gravity anomalies using improved Euler and phase congruency methods [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 91-106]
Standard penetration test Correlation between shear wave velocity and standard penetration test for Nowshahr and Chalus, Iran [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 37-52]
Statistical Downscaling Statistical post processing MRI-CGCM3 output for seasonal precipitation forecast over Khorasan-Razavi province, Iran [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 119-133]
Statistical Downscaling Multi-model weighting approach for future projections of solar radiation, temperature and precipitation under global warming effect in Tehran, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 19-35]
Statistical Evaluation Comparison of ERA5-Land reanalysis data with surface observations over Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 195-212]
Statistical indicators Accuracy assessment of CFS-v2, MERRA-2, ERA-5 temperature over the different regions of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 1-24]
Stochastic inversion A fast implementation of stochastic 1D elastic seismic full-waveform inversion [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 95-110]
Stop band Design of an underground metamaterial for attenuation of seismic shear waves [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 79-87]
Strain Investigation of earthquake effects on groundwater level and discharge of water wells following the 2013 Mw 6.3 Kaki earthquake occurred in Bushehr province (Iran) [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 75-90]
Strain Rate Estimation of earthquake occurrence rate based on the crust deformation of Iran [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 151-166]
Strait of Hormuz Structural interpretation of the Strait of Hormuz by using seismic lines and well data [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 132-143]
Strait of Hormuz Study of arrested Ekman layer on the bottom of the western coastal areas of the Strait of the Hormuz [Volume 10, Issue 4, 2016-17, Pages 1-11]
Strait of Hormuz trench The physical properties of the deep trench of the south of Greater Tunb island [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 61-73]
S transform Detection of buried channels using color stack method (RGB) [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 62-72]
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection Changes in the snow cycle in the northern hemisphere: a multimodel analysis of global warming scenarios and climate engineering [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 181-200]
Stress The analysis of principal stress directions in northwestern Iran using main shocks and aftershocks in Ahar–Varzeghan region [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 103-117]
Stress Anisotropy parameter analysis in Mohammadabad, Rigan based on the aftershock analysis of the earthquake of December 20, 2010 [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 134-145]
Stress Investigation of earthquake effects on groundwater level and discharge of water wells following the 2013 Mw 6.3 Kaki earthquake occurred in Bushehr province (Iran) [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 75-90]
Stress Stress field variations in the Zagros-Makran transition zone by using earthquake focal mechanism stress tensor inversion [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 1-13]
Stress Inversion Stress mapping, focal mechanism display and stress tensor inversion in Qeshm Island, Southern Iran [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 53-69]
Stress Inversion Comparison of seismic stress changes in southern Zagros and Makran zones [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 157-182]
Stress Inversion Focal mechanism analysis and stress inversion: a comprehensive approach to understanding seismic activity of Qeshm island and its adjacent area [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 123-144]
Stress tensor Study of seismotectonic stress regime in Fars Province based on inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms data [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 1-16]
Stress tensor Determination of stress tensor based on Inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms and implementation in Makran region [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 1-19]
Stress Wave Propagation Nonlinear Shear Behavior of Rock Joints and Stress Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic Sandstone [(Articles in Press)]
Stretching deformation Total deformation and its spatial-temporal variability in atmospheric precipitable systems in a region including Iran [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 141-156]
Strike-Slip fault Characterizing two basement strike-slip faults in the Zagros Mountains; Razak and West Mand faults [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 79-92]
Strike Slip Fault Identifying fault of Mohammad Abad Rigan 20/12/2010 Earthquake and its focal mechanism using aftershock analyses [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 59-70]
Strong ground motion Rupture characteristics of the 2012 earthquake doublet in Ahar-Varzagan region using the Empirical Green Function method [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 81-92]
Strong ground motion Improved particle swarm optimization for strong ground motion combination [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 161-169]
Strong ground motion Source and Strong Ground Motion Parameters Estimation of the November 12, 2017, Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah Earthquake Using Recorded Accelerograms of Iran Earthquake Strong Motion Network [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 157-171]
Strong ground motion Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for 8 densely-populated cities of Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 139-157]
Strong ground motion Simulation of historical earthquakes on 1st January 958 A.D., Mw = 6.3 and 1st Apr. 1150 A.D., Mw = 6.1 using the aftershocks data of 27 Nov. 2017 with Mw=7.3 by Empirical Green's Function Method [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 93-104]
Strong ground motion records Constructing a multi-source ground motion data bank: methodology for cleaning and integrating Iran, Turkey, and PEER records [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 81-100]
Structural features Structural deformation analysis of parts of Nigeria's southwestern precambrian basement complex using gradient techniques [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 193-209]
Structural stability Analysis of Tectonic Structural Stability and Seismic Response along the Old Ascent Route to the Eynali Natural/Cultural Heritage Site [(Articles in Press)]
Subduction Investigation of the effect of rheology on the upper plate deformation in subduction systems via numerical simulation: Insight into the Eocene Neothetys subduction in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 171-190]
Subduction Surface wave tomography of the Makran subduction zone [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 117-133]
Subsurface Subsurface lithological interpretation of the landslide-prone Cipendawa area, Cianjur (Indonesia), using 2D and 3D inversion of aeromagnetic data [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 25-42]
Subsurface crustal Mapping the shallow-to-deep subsurface structural elements to determine the thermal region and hydrocarbon potential of Gongola basin, NE Nigeria [(Articles in Press)]
Subsurface Imaging Subsurface Stratigraphic Imaging and Geotechnical Characterization of a Heritage Structure in Baghdad Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) [(Articles in Press)]
Subsurface structure Identification of subsurface structures and potential reservoir zones of geothermal filds based on gravitr data analysis in the Karaha-Cakrana area, west Java [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 63-76]
Subsurface Structure Interpretation Upveiling subsurface structures of the Sarulla geothermal field of north Sumatera through satellite -based gravity modeling [(Articles in Press)]
Subsurface structures Mapping the subsurface structures and contacts using aeromagnetic data (case study: central and northern Egypt) [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 13-25]
Subtropical Jet The waveguide properties of subtropical jet in the Northern Hemisphere winter under the influence of ENSO, IOD and QBO: Monthly-scale case studies [(Articles in Press)]
Sudden stratospheric warming Detecting reflective, absorptive and propagative states of the upward propagating Rossby waves [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 23-37]
Sunspot Number Solar dynamics and cosmic ray intensity: statistical analysis from 1986 to 2019 [Volume 19, Issue 6, 2025, Pages 59-70]
Super compact Accuracy assessment of sixth order combined compact and super compact methods on C-D and LE grids: Representation of linear inertia-gravity and Rossby waves [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Supervirtual interferometry Improving detection of P-wave first arrivals using supervirtual interferometry [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 82-93]
Support Vector Machines (SVM) Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a machine learning algorithm to identify seismic horizons in hydrocarbon reservoirs [(Articles in Press)]
Support vector machine (SVM) Hydrocarbon zone identification using support vector machine learning method [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 47-57]
Support vector regression Investigation and comparison of conventional methods for estimating shear wave velocity from well logging data in one of the sandstone reservoirs in southern Iran [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 23-35]
Support vector regression Utilizing support vector regression for magnetic statistical modeling and using a fuzzy inference system for comprehending the status of subsurface structures [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 99-118]
Supramolecular Supramolecular and the effect of microwave solar radiation on the ionosphere in the formation of water vapor clusters [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 171-181]
Surface-derived attributes Application of surface-derived attributes in determining boundaries of potential-field sources [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 57-71]
Surface layer A study of non-dimensional wind gradient and turbulent intensity, using the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory in a roughness sub-layer of an urban area with complex topography (Tehran) [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 69-85]
Surface Pressure Investigating the effect of height difference correction between reanalysis grid points and observation stations on the accuracy of ERA5 2m temperature and pressure data [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 29-45]
Surface pressure-temperature Performance of pressure-temperature models and reanalysis products for estimating GPS precipitable water vapor [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 119-136]
Surface rupture Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis for North Tabriz fault [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 73-89]
Surface waves Surface wave tomography and radial anisotropy using seismic interferometry in the Cental Alborz [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 183-197]
Surface wave tomography Surface wave tomography of the Makran subduction zone [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 117-133]
Surface wind Sensitivity of the WRF model surface wind simulations to initial conditions and planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes (case study: over Persian Gulf) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 14-31]
Susceptibility Interpretation of potential field anomalies using source parameter imaging method (SPI) [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 25-40]
Susceptibility Landslide susceptibility mapping of Chilas area along Karakorum highway, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 69-84]
SVD and Traps Identification of potential hydrocarbon traps using the gravity method in the Bengkulu basin [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 69-83]
SVEGM Three-dimensional seismic response of earth dams subjected to spatially varying earthquake ground motion [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 1-12]
Sv-P waves Modeling of amplitude and phase variations of converted waves versus offset and VP/VS ratio [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 67-92]
SWAN model Wave simulations under the effects of geographical complexity over the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 103-120]
SWAN wave model Wind-wave generation, affected by mud-induced wave dissipation in Deylam Bay [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 33-49]
S-wave acoustic impedance Determining the area of reservoir using simultaneous inversion of seismic data [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 45-56]
S-wave velocity Estimation of Vp -Vs correlation and determination of elastic modulus for Kangan and Dalan Formations in South Pars field [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 71-81]
Synoptic Analysis and Diagnosis of Dipole Blocking in a Case Study [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 35-46]
Synoptic Analysis Recognition of patterns and synoptic analysis of rainstorm in western Iran based on thermodynamic instability indices: A case study of Ah-vaz [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 101-112]
Synoptic patterns Synoptic analysis of the onset of the earliest widespread winter precipitation in Iran(except the Caspian Sea coastal region) [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Synthetic model Depth estimation of gravity anomalies due to regular geometrical shapes using modified Hilbert transform [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 70-80]
Synthetic model Subsurface bodies imagingusing the probability tomography method forgravity data [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Synthetic model 3D modeling of gravity anomalies using the forced neural networks method [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 77-90]
Synthetic models Interpretation of the magneticanomaly of Zanjan’s Morvarid mine using the normalized full gradient method [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 1-15]

T

Tabas Evidence and description of the earthquake and the possibility of finding the paleo-earthquake concentrating on the Tabas Earthquake [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 75-92]
Tabriz Evaluation of the performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) in predicting the daily global solar radiation and comparison with results from the Angström model (case study: Tabriz synoptic station) [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 30-41]
Tabriz Evaluation of the Deterministic Seismic Hazard by using Fuzzy Inference System, Case Study: Tabriz city, Iran [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 19-28]
Tailing dam Geoelectrical investigation of seepage beneath the tailing dam areas of Miduk Copper Mine [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 119-134]
Target Area Determining Target and Control Areas in Operational Cloud Seeding Programs over Iran by Dispersion Simulation of Seeding Materials Using HYSPLIT Model [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 1-30]
TEC The detection of 11th of March 2011 Tohoku's TEC seismo-ionospheric anomalies using the Singular Value Thresholding (SVT) method [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 93-103]
TEC Using the fuzzy inference system to model the ionosphere total electron content in IRAN [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 86-98]
Tectonic Interseismic deformation study on the collision zone of Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates in the Middle-East region using an analytical model [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 89-102]
Tectonic Stress field variations in the Zagros-Makran transition zone by using earthquake focal mechanism stress tensor inversion [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 1-13]
Tectonic Stress mapping, focal mechanism display and stress tensor inversion in Qeshm Island, Southern Iran [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 53-69]
Tectonic lineaments Investigation of tectonic lineaments by using magnetic data in Poshtbadam area, Yazd province [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Tectonics Horizontal coordinates change modeling of Earth surface points in ITRF reference frames in the region of Iranian plateau [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 12-32]
Tehran Atmospheric visibility and its affecting factors for the Geophysics Station, Tehran, for years 2001-2011 [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 128-141]
Tehran Source parameters of the October 17, 2009 Rey-Tehran Earthquake, Mw 4.3 [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 46-58]
Tehran Impact of assimilating radar data to the ARPS numerical model in simulating the precipitation due to the synoptic system on the 31st of March 2009 in Tehran province [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 94-112]
Tehran An investigation on the effect of topography on ground motion amplitudes, using 3D simulation of seismic waves in Tehran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 20-32]
Tehran Comparison of surface slip-data deduced from paleoseismological sites and focal mechanisms in the South Central Alborz [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 1-14]
Tehran Multi-model weighting approach for future projections of solar radiation, temperature and precipitation under global warming effect in Tehran, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 19-35]
Tehran Constraint on the active tectonics of the Alborz (Iran) using geodetic data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 55-76]
Tehran Characterization and classification of site selection conditions for geomagnetic observatory placement and their spatial distribution in Tehran province [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 35-50]
Tehran Alluvium Determination of two-dimensional shear-wave velocity profiles using single-station and array measurements of ambient noises in Hakimiyeh valley, Tehran, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 1-21]
Tehran megacity Earthquake effect on the Niayesh tunnel, north of Tehran megacity [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 47-62]
Tehran Metropolis A Case Study of Summer Performance of Green Roof and Cool Roof Development Strategies on Air Quality in Tehran Metropolis [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 33-48]
Tehran Metropolis Evaluation of different WRF-Urban Canopy Models performance in city-scale numerical simulations in Tehran Metropolis [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 25-36]
Tehran Province Projection of temperature and precipitation for 2020-2100 using post-processing of general circulation models output and artificial neu-ral network approach, case study: Tehran and Alborz provinces [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 123-140]
Tehran Region Calculation of magnitude M1 for earthquakes in the Tehran region [Volume 3, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 1-11]
Tehran Region Velocity model calculation and seismicity study of last decade on Tehran and high Alborz elevations [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 78-95]
Tehran Region Impacts of NAO on the meteorological conditions of air quality in Tehran during 2006-2017 [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 51-72]
Tehran weather radar Quality control of meteorological radar data using three-dimensional reflectivity [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 120-131]
Teleseismic Variations of the Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio beneath East Iran (Birjand) using P receiver function method [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 124-138]
Teleseismic tomography Lithosphere and upper-mantle structure in the NW of Zagros collision zone inferred from 3D teleseismic tomography [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 135-149]
Temperature Capability assessment of SDSM model in downscaling of temperature and precipitation in hot and dry climate (case study: Synoptic stations of Yazd and Tabass) [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 104-125]
Temperature Performance of the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) with different physical parameterizations over Iran: A case study in 2010 [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 132-151]
Temperature Projected temperature anomalies and trends in different climate zones in Iran based on CMIP6 [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 35-54]
Temperature Exploratory Analysis and Detection of In-homogeneities in Temperature and Precipitation Series of Meteorological Stations in Iran (Period 1959-2018) [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 213-233]
Temperature Evaluation of CMIP6 models in estimating temperature in Iran with emphasis on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 39-56]
Temperature Assessment of spatio-temporal variation of net terrestrial ecosystem CO2 exchange over west Asia and around the Mediterranean sea (1982-2019) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 245-261]
Temperature Downscaling daily temperature of three reanalysis databases at a spatial resolution of one kilometer using MODIS sensor data [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 55-74]
Temperature Accuracy assessment of CFS-v2, MERRA-2, ERA-5 temperature over the different regions of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 1-24]
Temperature The impacts of climate change on the essential climate variables (ECVs) in Iran [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 1-17]
Temperature Impact of the solar cycle on the stratosphere and its modulation by the quasi-biennial oscillation [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 1-20]
Temperature Extremes Changes in cold and hot days and nights indices in Iran using EC-Earth3 multi-model ensemble configurations [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 101-121]
Temperature Inversion Atmospheric stability analysis and its correlation with the concentration of air pollutants: A case study of a critical air pollution episode in Tehran [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Temporal and spatial Resolution Determining Target and Control Areas in Operational Cloud Seeding Programs over Iran by Dispersion Simulation of Seeding Materials Using HYSPLIT Model [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 1-30]
Temporal distribution Application of MERRA-2 to investigate changes in snow depth in high mountains of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 5, 2023, Pages 79-90]
Temporal-Spatial Distribution Monitoring of Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Precepitable Water (PW) in Iranian Atmosphere Using Aqua/AIRS Data [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 15-31]
Temporal stability Investigating Low-Frequency Spectral Anomalies in Passive Seismic Data from the Dehdasht Area and Their Temporal Stability [(Articles in Press)]
Temporal stationary A Novel Algorithm for Wind Forecasting Based on Hidden Markov Model [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 86-106]
Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly Feasibility study of forecasting the flood occurrence using GRACE satellite gravity data in the Karun river basin, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 103-117]
The ETAS model Analysis of temporal variations in seismicity and Its relationship with major earthquakes in the Kermanshah region (2013-2018) [Volume 19, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 155-173]
Thermal Comfort Assessment of the tourism potential of the central plateau of Iran using a thermal stress analysis approach during warm and cold periods of the year [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 157-180]
Thermal conductivity Development of temperature and heat flow distribution model for a multi-layer depth section by taking heat production and thermal conductivity parameters into account [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 145-154]
Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical model A Review of Constitutive Modeling of Unsaturated Soils [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 81-128]
The Tehran- Yasuj plane crash Investigation of aviation factors in the Tehran- Yasuj plane crash on 18 February 2018 [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 117-134]
The Tempo-Spatial Variations The Tempo-Spatial Variations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) in Iran (1988-2017) [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 73-85]
Thomas and Stieber model Integration of seismic inversion and rock physics relationships for determining of shale distribution in one of the reservoirs in the Persian Gulf [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 32-55]
Thomsen Applying Anisotropic PSDM to match depth of horizons in well data and seismic section [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 107-115]
Thomsen parameters, range versus offset, Kazhdumi formation, transversely isotropic medium Adaptive forward amplitude versus offset in Vertically Transversely Anisotropic (VTI) Medium Using Integrated Rock Physics Modeling and Thomson Coefficients [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 97-109]
Thorium Normalisation Techniques Mapping the shallow-to-deep subsurface structural elements to determine the thermal region and hydrocarbon potential of Gongola basin, NE Nigeria [(Articles in Press)]
Thresholding Swell noise attenuation on marine seismic data using variational mode decomposition in an automatic approach [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 83-100]
Tidal analysis and prediction Evaluation and comparison of tidal analysis and predicting methods of Mike 21 software [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 1-20]
Tidal model Evaluation and comparison of tidal analysis and predicting methods of Mike 21 software [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 1-20]
Tikhonov regularization Stable downward continuation of potential field data using Thikhoniv regularization for depth estimation of the mining bodies [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 49-66]
Tikhonov regularization Simultaneous estimation of smooth and blocky structures in tomographic inversion of electrical resistivity data [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1-16]
Tikhonov stabilization method IOSVRM method for earth gravity field estimation using GOCE satel-lite gravimetric observations and comparison with Tikhonov and TSVD methods [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 141-152]
Tilt The study of magnetic structures using aeromagnetic data and investigating their relationship with porphyry copper mineralization in the Shahr-e Babak, Kerman province, Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 85-96]
Time Domain The near field explosion waveform modeling and important effective parameters [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 136-149]
Time Frequency Distribution Comparing the classical and modern signal processing techniques in evaluating the modal frequencies of the Karkheh embankment dam during earthquakes [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 87-97]
Time-frequency peak filtering Enhancing Random Noise Attenuation in Seismic Data Using a Hurst Exponent-Weighted Adaptive Time-Frequency Peak Filter [(Articles in Press)]
Time-frequency resolution Single-frequency seismic attribute obtained from continuous-wavelet transform and matching pursuit methods [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 83-93]
Time-frequency transform Spectral decomposition using constrained least-squares inversion method [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Time-frequency transform Detection of buried channel using the deconvolutive short time Fourier transform [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 85-95]
Time-lapse Electrical Resistivity (ERT) Coupled hydrogeophysical finite-element modeling of subsurface flow and ion diffusion for porphyry copper exploration [(Articles in Press)]
Time-Recursive Method Nonlinear Shear Behavior of Rock Joints and Stress Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic Sandstone [(Articles in Press)]
Time Reversal Imaging Application of the ground penetrating radar for detecting the subsurface cavities-a case study from the Kariz galleries [Volume 18, Issue 6, 2024, Pages 79-94]
Time-reversal method Locating earthquakes in local network by time reversal method in Rigan region [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
TLR Downscaling daily temperature of three reanalysis databases at a spatial resolution of one kilometer using MODIS sensor data [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 55-74]
TM3 model Evaluation of CO2 column concentration of WRF-GHG and TM3 models with GOSAT satellite data over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 53-66]
T-matrix model Rock physics modeling of the effect of petrophysical parameters on seismic wave attenuation due to squirt flow in porous fractured media based on the T-matrix method [(Articles in Press)]
TM mode Modeling of H-polarization magnetotelluric responses using the finite difference method [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 37-48]
Tomography Estimation of shallow sediment structure of Tehran Basin by using surface wave Love dispersion curves [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 68-81]
Tomography Three-dimensional imaging of Central Alborz’s crust by using local earthquake tomography [Volume 7, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 146-161]
Tomography The effects of deep anomalies on upper mantle structures resolved by ACH-based body wave teleseismic tomography method [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 59-73]
Tomography Crustal structure of NW Iran investigated by Love waves dispersion curve tomography [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 53-69]
Tomography Velocity Inversion with an Iterative Normal Incidence Point (NIP) Wave Tomography with Model-Based Common Diffraction Surface (CDS) Stack [Volume 13, Issue 4, 2019-20, Pages 16-25]
Tomography Investigation of shear wave velocity model beneath east of Iran from Rayleigh waves tomography [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 161-181]
Topographic effect Seismic Amplification of Peak Ground Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement by Two-Dimensional Hills [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 68-81]
Topography Crustal and lithospheric model of the Alborz, Central Iran and South Caspian Basin, using geoid and topographical data sets [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-11]
Topography Height Effect of soil layering on resonance of alternating semi-circle and trapezoidal Hills [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 43-61]
Toroud fault Analysis of the 2010 Damghan earthquake in Central Alborz (Mw 5.7) and fault-plane identification by H.C method [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 15-27]
Torsional motion A comparison among different methods in the evaluation of torsional ground motion [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 32-48]
Total electron content Diurnal and seasonal variation of the total electron content and peak height of the F2-ionospheric layer (hmF2) over the Tehran area and comparisons with IRI-2007 model predictions [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 28-37]
Total electron content Regional and optimal estimation of total electron content using pseudorange observations [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 54-66]
Total Variation Simultaneous estimation of smooth and blocky structures in tomographic inversion of electrical resistivity data [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 1-16]
Total Variation De-noising (TVD) GPR noise reduction by TVD and TVD-EMD [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 71-87]
Transdimensional tomography Surface wave tomography and radial anisotropy using seismic interferometry in the Cental Alborz [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 183-197]
Transient Climate Response Evaluation of CMIP6 models in estimating temperature in Iran with emphasis on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 39-56]
Transmission and Reflection Coefficients Nonlinear Shear Behavior of Rock Joints and Stress Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic Sandstone [(Articles in Press)]
Transmission Loss Simulation of sound propagation in the environment of the salt-fingering structure in the east of the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 105-125]
Trench retreat Investigation of the effect of rheology on the upper plate deformation in subduction systems via numerical simulation: Insight into the Eocene Neothetys subduction in Iran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 171-190]
Trend Investigating the climate change diagnostics over the north western parts of the Indian Ocean: The SST analysis for the period 1950-2009 [Volume 8, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 26-40]
Trend Assessment of spatio-temporal variation of net terrestrial ecosystem CO2 exchange over west Asia and around the Mediterranean sea (1982-2019) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 245-261]
Trend surface analysis Trend surface analysis using particle swarm optimization algorithm and L1 norm: a case study on gravity data of Neka in Mazandaran Province [Volume 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 49-58]
TRMM 3B43 database Introducing the TRMM and Asfezariprecipitation database: A comparative study [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Tropical Cyclone Improvement the tropical cyclone forecasting process with effective features selection [Volume 5, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 67-82]
Tropical Cyclone The extratropical transition of the Cyclone Chapala and its impact on the Mid latitude weather systems: ridge development over the Jet Stream [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 1-18]
Tropical Cyclone Evaluation of three-dimensional variational assimilation on reducing the sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone GONU simulation to selective domains [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 19-35]
Troposphere–stratosphere interaction The role of stratospheric circulations in climate anomalies of 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 winters [Volume 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 89-104]
Truncation error Application of the fourth-order compact MacCormack scheme with a four-stage Runge–Kutta time marching for numerical solution of unsteady and non-linear Rossby adjustment problem [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 57-74]
Truncation error Truncation Error of Poisson’s Integral in Downward Continuation of Residual Gravity Anomalies [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 88-99]
Trust-region algorithm Nonlinear Unconstrained Inversion of Geomagnetic Data Using Sub-Problem Trust-Region Algorithm [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 85-103]
Tsunami Probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment along the southeastern Iran coast [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 1-13]
Tsunami Performance review of nonlinear shallow water equations in tsunami wave modeling [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 115-141]
Tsunami Assessing the role of bathymetric data resolution and FD grid spacing in numerical tsunami simulation [Volume 19, Issue 3, 2025, Pages 137-151]
Turbulence Study of flow and turbulence in an atmospheric boundary layer in an area with complex topography (Tehran) [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 73-91]
Turbulence Plume rise simulation via hybrid RANS-LES CFD method in neutral atmospheric conditions [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 66-83]
Turning Bands Simulation 3D Acoustic impedance modeling using turning bands simulation method in an oil field in SW of Iran [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 125-143]
Two- and three-dimensional inversion Three-dimensional Magnetotelluric Modeling of data from Northeast of Gorgan Plain [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 11-20]
Two-dimenional tomography Two-Dimensional Rayleigh wave tomography for crust and uppermost mantle of Kopeh-Dagh (IRAN) [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 25-38]
Two-dimensional hills Seismic Amplification of Peak Ground Acceleration, Velocity, and Displacement by Two-Dimensional Hills [Volume 12, Issue 5, 2018-19, Pages 68-81]
Two-dimensional modelling Characterization of leachate flow using time lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) and resistivity survey (case study: geophysical test site of Shahrood University of Technology) [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 125-142]
TYNSC2.03 An outlook on the Iranian Köppen-Geiger climate zones in the 21st century [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 84-100]

U

UKF GRACE satellite pairs and GNSS range observations fusion using unscented Kalman filter (Case study: recovery of simulated gravitational field) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 72-87]
Umm Al-Raduma Haditha region hydrological aspects extraction using remote sensing and GIS techniques [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 65-75]
Uncertainty Earthquake relocation of Varzaghan- Ahar 6.5 Mw, 6.3 Mwand their aftershocks using probabilistic nonlinear algorithm [Volume 9, Issue 3, 2015-16, Pages 143-159]
Uncertainty Nonlinear versus linear local earthquake location and uncertainty calculation using simulated data [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 127-140]
Uncertainty Feasibility study of probabilistic seismic inversion to porosity for a carbonate reservoir [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 105-123]
Uncertainty Multi-model weighting approach for future projections of solar radiation, temperature and precipitation under global warming effect in Tehran, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 19-35]
Uncertainty Application of bayesian theory in seismology, case study: the north and north-west of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 1-20]
Uncertainty Reducing Uncertainty in NEX-GDDP Downscaled Climate Projections via Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) over Iran during the Historical Period [(Articles in Press)]
Uniaxial compressive strength Comparison of various machine learning algorithms for estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of cement and volcanic ash stabilized clay [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 19-37]
Unsaturated soils A Review of Constitutive Modeling of Unsaturated Soils [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 81-128]
Upper mantle Lithosphere and upper-mantle structure in the NW of Zagros collision zone inferred from 3D teleseismic tomography [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 135-149]
UPRE method 3D smooth inversion of gravity data and estimation of optimum regularization parameter by unbiased predictive risk estimator (UPRE) method, case study: San Nicolas Sulfide Deposit, Mexico [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 183-194]
Upward Rossby wave propagation Detecting reflective, absorptive and propagative states of the upward propagating Rossby waves [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 23-37]
Urban Canopy Models Evaluation of different WRF-Urban Canopy Models performance in city-scale numerical simulations in Tehran Metropolis [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 25-36]
Urmia Basin Wavelet analysis of GRACE K-band range rate measurements related to Urmia Basin [Volume 11, Issue 5, 2017-18, Pages 43-54]
UTCI index Projected heat stress in Iran based on CMIP6 multi-model ensemble [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 157-173]
UV-B radiation The effects of cloudiness and total ozone on UV-B radiation in Esfahan region [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 74-88]
UV Erythema Investigation of UV erythema radiation and total ozone for the city of Tehran during the period of 2013-2023 [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 47-59]
UV-index Investigation of UV erythema radiation and total ozone for the city of Tehran during the period of 2013-2023 [Volume 19, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 47-59]
UXO detection Geological noise removal in geophysical magnetic survey to detect unexploded ordnance based on image filtering [Volume 9, Issue 5, 2015-16, Pages 11-23]

V

Validation Investigation of physical properties and long coastal waves in the southern Caspian Sea [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 39-52]
Validation Hydrocarbon zone identification using support vector machine learning method [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 47-57]
Variance estimation The use of auxiliary variable sulphide factor to improve the estimation results of copper by collocated cokriging and kriging with external drift [Volume 8, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 45-58]
Variational mode decomposition Swell noise attenuation on marine seismic data using variational mode decomposition in an automatic approach [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 83-100]
Variogram 3D Acoustic impedance modeling using turning bands simulation method in an oil field in SW of Iran [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 125-143]
Veining Meinesz-Moritz The role of topographic - isostatic effects on smoothing of the gravity anomaly [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 141-153]
VELEST software Relocation of recent 20-years earthquakes occurred in northwest of Iran by JHD algorithm [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 117-131]
Velocity anomaly Presenting automatic velocity model updating by reducing residual depth move-out in the presence of lateral velocity changes and velocity anomaly [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 83-51]
Velocity-depth model Evaluation of 3D seismic operation parameters, to improve them in several specific models [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 1-20]
Velocity field Constraint on the active tectonics of the Alborz (Iran) using geodetic data [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 55-76]
Velocity field, kriging, GPS, crustal deformation, Arabia-Eurasia Investigation of the present-day crustal deformation in the oblique collision zone of Arabia-Eurasia tectonic plates using geostatistical analysis of GPS velocity fields [Volume 20, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 1-31]
Velocity model building Lateral velocity heterogeneties modelling in seismic tomography by introducing different initial velocity models [Volume 8, Issue 4, 2014]
Velocity processing A comparison of different methods of velocity analysis based on cross-correlation in reflection seismic data processing [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 40-55]
Velocity Pulse The V/H response spectral ratio of near fault field earthquakes according to Iran's data [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 21-38]
Verification A case study on the impact of synoptic and upper air data assimilation in WRF output for precipitation over Iran [Volume 10, Issue 2, 2016-17, Pages 110-119]
Vertical derivatives The analytic signal and derivatives of the fractional orders for potential fields (applications in processing and interpretation) [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 1-16]
Vertical derivatives The use of vertical derivative filter with different orders in interpretation of potential fields anomalies [Volume 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 39-49]
Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) Porosity estimation of gas reservoir rocks using vertical seismic profiling data- a case study in the Persian Gulf [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 149-165]
VES Determining the optimum drilling sites for groundwater wells based on the hydro-geoelectrical parameters and weighted overlay approach via GIS in Salah Al-Din area, central Iraq [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 153-163]
Vibrational mode Design of an underground metamaterial for attenuation of seismic shear waves [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 79-87]
Viscoelasticity Nonlinear Shear Behavior of Rock Joints and Stress Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic Sandstone [(Articles in Press)]
Visibility Application of a digital image processing method for determination of the atmospheric extinction coefficient for the city of Tehran [Volume 9, Issue 2, 2015-16]
Visibility Improving runway visual range calculation using an optimized optical parameter [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 77-89]
VLF method Recognition of the pollution zone related to acid mine drainage using three-dimensional modeling of geoelectrical data at Alborz-e- Sharghi coal washing plant area, Semnan Province, Iran [Volume 6, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 95-111]
VLF radio signal Study of VLF radio sounding for the Ionospheric remote sensing [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 139-152]
VLF signals Investigation of the pre-indicator of VLF signals received at the receiver of the Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 37-52]
Volcanic ash Comparison of various machine learning algorithms for estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of cement and volcanic ash stabilized clay [Volume 18, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 19-37]
Volga river Estimation of contribution of nitrate pollution sources on the spatial distribution of the pollutant in the Caspian Sea [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 167-189]
Volume radar data Impact of Assimilation of Radar Data on the Simulation of Squall Line Event [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 63-82]
Von Karman Estimation of wind erosion emission from iron ore piles using CFD and Von Karman methods [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 170-180]
Vp/Vs Vs and Vp/Vs Characterization Using Single-Station Microtremor for Permanent Housing Relocation Planning in Mendala Village, Central Java, Indonesia [(Articles in Press)]
Vp/Vs Ratio Determination of the relation between elastic moduli and gas volume in the reservoir zone of a gas field in South of Iran [Volume 9, Issue 4, 2015-16, Pages 34-44]
Vp/Vs Ratio Comparison of Castagna’s relation with DSI data for estimation of Vp/VS [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 112-123]
Vp/Vs Ratio Variations of the Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio beneath East Iran (Birjand) using P receiver function method [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 124-138]
Vp/Vs Ratio 2D local earthquake tomography of P-wave velocity in the upper crust of NW Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 33-48]
VS Vs and Vp/Vs Characterization Using Single-Station Microtremor for Permanent Housing Relocation Planning in Mendala Village, Central Java, Indonesia [(Articles in Press)]
VSP data Seismic modeling in acoustic and viscoacoustic isotropic media in the tau-p domain [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 33-43]

W

Walsh function Application of Hadamard Transform for reservoir lithofacies discrimination [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1-11]
Warm and Cold core Numerical modeling of physical properties, currents and eddies in the Southern Caspian Sea [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 69-82]
Warm season of year Synoptic pattern of extreme precipitation in southwestern Iran during warm season [Volume 15, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 83-104]
WAsP software Prediction of wind potential and assessment of accuracy in mountainous areas (Case study: Kermanshah province) [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 96-114]
Water Haditha region hydrological aspects extraction using remote sensing and GIS techniques [Volume 17, Issue 3, 2023, Pages 65-75]
Water level changes Investigation of earthquake effects on groundwater level and discharge of water wells following the 2013 Mw 6.3 Kaki earthquake occurred in Bushehr province (Iran) [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 75-90]
Water Levels and Currents 3D Numerical Modelling of Shallow and Deep Water Currents in the Persian Gulf [Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019-20, Pages 69-85]
Water vapor cluster Supramolecular and the effect of microwave solar radiation on the ionosphere in the formation of water vapor clusters [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 171-181]
Wave activity flux Dynamic analysis of the Mediterranean storm track using Rossby wave activity and fluxes [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 31-45]
Wave activity flux Comparison of wave breaking over Europe and Mediterranean region: wave activity aspects [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 83-101]
Wave activity flux The effect of critical latitudes on the waves breaking over the East Mediterranean and West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 119-140]
Wave breaking The effect of critical latitudes on the waves breaking over the East Mediterranean and West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 119-140]
Wave flux Detecting reflective, absorptive and propagative states of the upward propagating Rossby waves [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 23-37]
Waveform Investigation of frequency dependence of seismic coda wave quality factor in the east-northeast of Iran [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 147-162]
Waveform inversion Analysis of the 2010 Damghan earthquake in Central Alborz (Mw 5.7) and fault-plane identification by H.C method [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 15-27]
Waveform modelling Fault-kinematic and stress state investigation using focal mechanism solution along the Mosha fault, Alborz Mountain: implication for changing stress tectonic regime [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 165-174]
Wavelet Periodic behavior of fast small-scale brightening on the solar disk [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 101-118]
Wavelet coherence Study of the interrelationship between global climate indices at different time scales [Volume 17, Issue 2, 2023, Pages 199-214]
Wavenumber؛ Inversion Fréchet Derivatives calculation for electrical resistivity imaging using forward matrix method [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 153-163]
Wave scattering Imaging strong lateral heterogeneities across the Caspian basin and northern Iran using body-to-surface wave scattering [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 121-135]
Wave simulation Wave simulations under the effects of geographical complexity over the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 103-120]
Wave Speed Fluctuating morphology of the solar magnetic bright points [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 1-11]
Wave velocity Porosity estimation of gas reservoir rocks using vertical seismic profiling data- a case study in the Persian Gulf [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 149-165]
Weather radar Study of WRF model predictions for precipitable water and its relation with estimated precipitation by Tehran weather Radar [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Weather radar Impact of assimilating radar data to the ARPS numerical model in simulating the precipitation due to the synoptic system on the 31st of March 2009 in Tehran province [Volume 6, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 94-112]
Well defined fault zone Assessment of Surface Fault Rupture Hazard of Short Faults Related to Earthquakes - Tehran [(Articles in Press)]
Well Logs Lithofacies estimation by multi-resolution graph-based clustering of petrophysical well logs: a case study from one of the Persian Gulf’s gas fields, Iran [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 11-30]
Well Logs Analysis of fractures using fuzzy logic method [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 62-72]
Well Logs Hydrocarbon zone identification using support vector machine learning method [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 47-57]
West The impact of rapid Arctic warming on weather patterns in West Asia [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 99-116]
Western Alborz Crustal structure of the Western Alborz by joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion curve [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 81-94]
Western Alborz Attenuation of Ground-Motion Spectral Amplitudes at short hypocentral distances [Volume 12, Issue 3, 2018-19, Pages 87-106]
Western Makran Seismic zonation of Makran using Seismotectonic Approach [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 25-48]
West of Iran Application of wavelet analysis to investigate precipitation variability at western regions of Iran [Volume 5, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 13-30]
Wet year Overlap of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) periodicities with periodicities of droughts and wet years of Iran [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 91-104]
WGS84 Horizontal coordinates change modeling of Earth surface points in ITRF reference frames in the region of Iranian plateau [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 12-32]
Widespread winter precipitation Synoptic analysis of the onset of the earliest widespread winter precipitation in Iran(except the Caspian Sea coastal region) [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
Wigner-Ville distribution Quality factor determination using time-scale and time-frequency transforms [Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 19-32]
Wigner–Ville distribution High resolution spectral decomposition and its application in the illumination of low-frequency shadows of a gas reservoir [Volume 6, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 61-68]
Wind erosion Estimation of wind erosion emission from iron ore piles using CFD and Von Karman methods [Volume 7, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 170-180]
Wind gust Evaluation of two methods of forecasting wind gust speed in Iran and post-processing of results using artificial neural network [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 101-118]
WRF Application of data assimilation using WRF model to simulate precipitations caused by synoptic systems in the western regions of Iran [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 101-123]
WRF The evaluation of snow model in NOAH-MP coupled with WRF model during the periods of heavy snow over the northern and western regions of Iran [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 146-163]
WRF Inter-comparison of HARMONIE and WRF model simulations in convective-permitting scale over western area of Iran [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 1-18]
WRF Simulation of atmospheric dispersion and dose assessment by a coupled WRF-HYSPLIT model for Bushehr power plant [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 19-50]
WRF Sensitivity of the WRF model surface wind simulations to initial conditions and planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes (case study: over Persian Gulf) [Volume 13, Issue 1, 2019-20, Pages 14-31]
WRF Evaluation of three-dimensional variational assimilation on reducing the sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone GONU simulation to selective domains [Volume 13, Issue 2, 2019-20, Pages 19-35]
WRF Sensitivity of WRF model in simulating wind zonal and meridional components in Tehran [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 207-229]
WRF Evaluation of two methods of forecasting wind gust speed in Iran and post-processing of results using artificial neural network [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 101-118]
WRF Forecasting of monthly precipitation based on ensemble approach using CFSv2-WRF model over Iran (case study: October 2019 to April 2020) [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 129-145]
WRF Evaluation of different WRF-Urban Canopy Models performance in city-scale numerical simulations in Tehran Metropolis [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 25-36]
WRF Study of convection-producing instabilities in an ideal simulation of baroclinic waves [Volume 20, Issue 2, 2026, Pages 167-186]
WRF-Chem Dust storms in west and southwest Iran and their impact on radiation fluxes: A case study [Volume 11, Issue 3, 2017-18, Pages 75-89]
WRF-Chem Impact of assimilation of satellite, prepbufr and GPSro data on wind speed and dust concentration forecasts in WRF-Chem model [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 1-22]
WRF/Chem Evaluation of the WRF/Chem aerosol models - a dust episode case study [Volume 14, Issue 4, 2020, Pages 1-18]
WRF/Chem Model Correction and assessment of dust sources in WRF/Chem, caused by wind erosion, over West Asia [Volume 16, Issue 2, 2022, Pages 1-24]
WRF/Chem/SLUCM A Case Study of Summer Performance of Green Roof and Cool Roof Development Strategies on Air Quality in Tehran Metropolis [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 33-48]
WRFDA Impact of assimilation of satellite, prepbufr and GPSro data on wind speed and dust concentration forecasts in WRF-Chem model [Volume 12, Issue 2, 2018-19, Pages 1-22]
WRF-GHG Model Evaluation of CO2 column concentration of WRF-GHG and TM3 models with GOSAT satellite data over Iran [Volume 18, Issue 1, 2024, Pages 53-66]
WRF Meso-scale Model Investigation of aviation factors in the Tehran- Yasuj plane crash on 18 February 2018 [Volume 17, Issue 4, 2023, Pages 117-134]
WRF Model Study of WRF model predictions for precipitable water and its relation with estimated precipitation by Tehran weather Radar [Volume 8, Issue 3, 2014]
WRF Model Effects of various digital filter initialization methods on results of weather research and forecasting (WRF) model [Volume 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 16-33]
WRF Model Sensitivity of WRF model simulations to physical parameterization over the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea during summer monsoon [Volume 11, Issue 1, 2017-18, Pages 1-19]
WRF Model The extratropical transition of the Cyclone Chapala and its impact on the Mid latitude weather systems: ridge development over the Jet Stream [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 1-18]
WRF Model Determining Target and Control Areas in Operational Cloud Seeding Programs over Iran by Dispersion Simulation of Seeding Materials Using HYSPLIT Model [Volume 12, Issue 4, 2018-19, Pages 1-30]
WRF Model Evaluation of a WRF model multi-physics ensemble forecasting system for simulation of precipitation over central region of Iran [Volume 14, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 13-38]
WRF Model Wave simulations under the effects of geographical complexity over the Strait of Hormuz [Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020, Pages 103-120]
WRF Model Prediction of the clear air turbulence over western Iran (Tehran–Ahwaz and Tehran–Ardebil) using the WRF model simulations [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 120-143]
WRF Model A statistical–dynamical analysis of severe convective storms in Ahvaz [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 1-17]
WRF Model A case study of the impact of aerosols on properties of clouds and precipitation under different relative humidity [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 33-46]
WRF Model Post–processing of WRF model for precipitable water using meteorological satellite data [Volume 16, Issue 3, 2022, Pages 37-55]
WRF Model Assessment of the performance of the ensemble mean of an ensmble forecastiong system developed for the WRF model for weather prediction: A case study over the west part of Iran [Volume 19, Issue 5, 2025, Pages 141-155]

Z

Zagros Aftershock analysis of the March 31, 2006 Silakhur Earthquake, Mw 6.1, using local data recorded by temporary seismic network [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 73-84]
Zagros Aftershock analysis of the March 25, 2006, Fin earthquake, MW = 5.9 (Zagros - Iran) [Volume 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 17-32]
Zagros Crustal structure beneath the south and southeast Iran using receiver function and Rayleigh waves group velocity dispersion [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 156-175]
Zagros Focal mechanism of Mountain front fault (MFF) at a longitude of 46 to 48.5 Degree [Volume 11, Issue 4, 2017-18, Pages 93-106]
Zagros Estimation of quality factor for SH waves in Qeshm Island, using aftershocks of 27 November 2005 [Volume 12, Issue 1, 2018-19, Pages 127-140]
Zagros Investigation of the strength and trend of seismic anisotropy beneath the Zagros collision zone [Volume 11, Issue 5, 2017-18, Pages 76-87]
Zagros Stress field variations in the Zagros-Makran transition zone by using earthquake focal mechanism stress tensor inversion [Volume 14, Issue 3, 2020, Pages 1-13]
Zagros A Comparison of impedance invariants and GB decomposition method for magnetotelluric data analysis; A Case study from SW Iran [Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 37-52]
Zagros Evaluation of tectonic activity effect in the Zagros fold and thrust belt by seismic/geodetic moment rate ratio [Volume 15, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 167-184]
Zagros Estimation of Conditional Mean Spectrum (CMS) in Zagros, Iran [Volume 16, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 21-31]
Zagros Application of two-step GIT on source, path and site effects case study: Mw7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab great earthquake on 12 November 2017 [Volume 16, Issue 4, 2022, Pages 1-18]
Zagros Seismic distribution in the south of Zagros using the statistical correlation between b-Value and fractal dimension [Volume 17, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 89-107]
Zagros Fractal nature of seismicity pattern prior to the 2022 Hormozgan Doublet earthquakes, southeast Iran [Volume 19, Issue 2, 2025, Pages 31-42]
Zagros Assessing performances of pattern informatics method variants: a comparative analysis in Zagros, Iran [Volume 20, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 65-80]
Zagros Investigation of the seismic parameter b value and the fractal seismicity dimension (Dc value) in relation to the 2017 Sarpol Zahab–Ezgeleh earthquake [Volume 20, Issue 4, 2026, Pages 1-16]
Zagros Basin Investigating Low-Frequency Spectral Anomalies in Passive Seismic Data from the Dehdasht Area and Their Temporal Stability [(Articles in Press)]
Zagros collision zone Lithosphere and upper-mantle structure in the NW of Zagros collision zone inferred from 3D teleseismic tomography [Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 135-149]
Zagros - Makran Transition zone Tectonic setting of the 2013 May 11 Mw 6.1 Goharan earthquake in western Makran [Volume 18, Issue 5, 2024, Pages 1-23]
Zagros mountains Non-linear stochastic inversion of regional Bouguer anomalies by means of Particle Swarm Optimization: Application to the Zagros Mountains [Volume 10, Issue 5, 2016-17, Pages 10-21]
Zagros mountains Characterizing two basement strike-slip faults in the Zagros Mountains; Razak and West Mand faults [Volume 17, Issue 6, 2023, Pages 79-92]
Zanjan – bijar seismic gap Application of high spatial resolution optical imageries in active fault investigations: the north Zanjan fault [Volume 18, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 79-106]
Zanjan’s Morvarid mine Interpretation of the magneticanomaly of Zanjan’s Morvarid mine using the normalized full gradient method [Volume 5, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 1-15]
Zarand station Comparing the performance of the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and the combination of ICA with fuzzy logic system in daily precipitation forecasting [Volume 10, Issue 1, 2016-17, Pages 1-14]
Z grid Numerical solution of shallow water equations using the sixth-order combined compact method [Volume 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 35-49]
Z grid Comparison of the efficiency of the sixth-order super compact and combined compact methods for spatial discretization of two-layer shallow water model: presentation of linear inertia-gravity and Rossby waves [Volume 4, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 49-69]
Z grid Numerical solution of two-layer shallow water equations in terms of barotropic and baroclinic variables using fourth-order compact method [Volume 11, Issue 2, 2017-18, Pages 1-14]

Iranian Journal of Geophysics

Keyword Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z